Game da matsa lamba žwažwalwa, takaddamar kullewa, da Zane-zane mai tushen bayanai

Fahimtar kwalabe marasa ganuwa: Ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da Makullan

A cikin duniyar software, aiki shine kuɗin gamsuwar mai amfani. Ga kasuwancin da ke dogaro da hadaddun aikace-aikace, jinkirin martani da daskarewar tsarin sun wuce kawai bacin rai; barazana ce kai tsaye ga yawan aiki da kudaden shiga. Sau da yawa, tushen waɗannan al'amurran da suka shafi aikin ba su bayyana nan da nan ba, suna zurfafa cikin gine-ginen software ɗin kanta. Biyu daga cikin na yau da kullun kuma masu lalata masu laifi sune matsa lamba na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da takaddama na kullewa. Ana gasa waɗannan matsalolin akai-akai zuwa cikin al'ada, tsarin ƙira na abin da ke ba da fifiko ga tsarin lambar ga mai shirye-shirye fiye da ƙungiyar bayanai don na'ura. Don gina babban aiki, tsarin sikeli wanda kamfanoni na zamani ke buƙata, canjin yanayi ya zama dole. Wannan shi ne inda Data-oriented Design (DOD) ya fito a matsayin falsafar mahimmanci, wanda ke daidaita tsarin gine-ginen software tare da kayan aikin da yake aiki a kai don kawar da waɗannan ƙullun kafin su fara.

Boyayyen Jawo na Matsi na Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwaƙwalwa

A ainihinsa, matsa lamba na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya yana nufin nau'in da aka sanya akan tsarin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar tsarin (RAM da cache na CPU). Na'urori na zamani suna da sauri sosai, amma suna ɗaukar lokaci mai yawa suna jiran a samo bayanai daga babban ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya. Don rage wannan, CPUs suna amfani da ƙananan bankunan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya masu sauri da ake kira caches. Lokacin da bayanan da CPU ke buƙata ya riga ya kasance a cikin cache (buguwar cache), aiki yana sauri. Lokacin da ba haka ba ne (rashin cache), CPU yana tsayawa, yana jiran a dawo da bayanan. Matsi na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya yana faruwa lokacin da saitin bayanan aiki ya yi girma ko kuma ba a tsara shi ba, yana haifar da asarar cache akai-akai. A cikin ƙirar da aka saba da abu, yawancin bayanai suna warwatse a cikin abubuwa da yawa da aka keɓe. Yin maimaita ta cikin jerin waɗannan abubuwa yana nufin tsalle zuwa wurare dabam dabam na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, ƙirar da ke da lahani ga ingancin cache. Prefetcher na CPU ba zai iya tsammanin waɗannan damar shiga ba, wanda ke haifar da tsayawa akai-akai da kuma mummunan aiki.

Lokacin da Aikin Haɗin kai ya kasa: Matsalar Kulle Content

A cikin aikace-aikacen da aka yi da zaren da yawa, inda ake aiwatar da ayyuka da yawa a lokaci ɗaya, masu haɓakawa suna amfani da makullai (ko ɓata lokaci) don hana zaren daban-daban canza bayanai iri ɗaya a lokaci guda, wanda zai haifar da ɓarna. Rikicin kullewa yana tasowa lokacin da zaren da yawa akai-akai ƙoƙarin samun makullin iri ɗaya. Maimakon yin aiki a layi daya, zaren zai ƙare a kan layi don juyowarsu, suna yin jerin ayyukan da ake so su kasance tare. Wannan yana jujjuya tsarin multi-core, wanda ya kamata ya ba da ƙarin kayan aiki, zuwa tsarin da muryoyin ke zama mara amfani, toshe ta hanyar cunkoson ababen hawa. Rikicin kulle-kulle alama ce ta gine-ginen gine-gine inda aka yi tarayya da juna, yanayin da ba za a iya canzawa ba, wani yanayi akai-akai na tsarin da ya dace da abu wanda ke tsara duniya azaman jadawali na abubuwa masu haɗin gwiwa. Babban abin da ake samu da sakin makullai, haɗe da lokacin jira, na iya niƙa ƙwanƙolin tsarin zuwa tsayawa.

Zane-zane mai-daidaita bayanai: Gine-gine don Ayyuka

Zane-zanen bayanai ba ƙayyadadden ɗakin karatu ba ne ko kayan aiki, amma babban canjin tunani ne. Maimakon tambayar "Mene ne abubuwan da ke cikin tsarina?", DOD ya tambayi "Mene ne canje-canjen da nake bukata in yi akan bayanai na, kuma ta yaya zan iya tsara wannan bayanan don yin canje-canjen da kyau sosai?" Wannan hanya kai tsaye tana magance matsalolin matsa lamba na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da takaddama ta kulle ta hanyar ba da fifikon yadda ake samun bayanai a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya.

• SoA akan AoS:DOD yana fifita Tsarin Arrays (SoA) akan Tsarin Tsarukan Tsara (AoS). Maimakon tsararrun abubuwan 'Dan wasa' (kowane yana da lafiya, ammo, da matsayi), kuna da keɓantaccen tsari don duk ƙimar lafiya, wani don duk ƙirƙira ammo, wani kuma don kowane matsayi. Wannan yana ba da damar yin aiki mai inganci, mai dacewa da cache na sifa guda ɗaya a cikin dukkan ƙungiyoyi.
• Cache-Conscious Iteration: Ta hanyar tsara bayanai ta layi a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, DOD yana ba da damar tsarin isa ga jerin abubuwan da CPUs da prefetchers su ke so, yana rage asarar cache sosai.
• Rage Rarraba Jiha: DOD yana ƙarfafa ƙira tsarin yadda zaren za su iya yin aiki akan ɓangarorin bayanai masu zaman kansu ba tare da buƙatar yin gwagwarmaya don kulle ba. Ana samun wannan sau da yawa ta hanyar rarraba bayanai da kuma amfani da dabaru kamar tsarin aiki waɗanda ke aiki akan kwafin bayanai na gida.

Manufar Zane-zanen Bayanai shine don sa bayanai su gudana yadda ya kamata, suna ɗaukar cache na CPU azaman hanya mai tamani da tsara bayanai don zama hanya mai santsi, faffaɗar hanya maimakon hanyar sadarwa mai kunkuntar, tituna masu karkatarwa.

Gina akan Ƙaƙƙarfan Gidauniya tare da Mewayz

Ɗauki falsafar ƙira mai tushen bayanai daga tushe shine mabuɗin don gina aikace-aikacen kasuwanci waɗanda ba kawai masu aiki ba ne, amma na musamman cikin sauri da ƙima. Wannan shine ainihin ka'ida a bayan gine-ginen Mewayz. Ta hanyar ƙirƙira OS ɗin kasuwancin mu na yau da kullun tare da kwararar bayanai da ingantaccen kayan masarufi a matsayin abubuwan da suka fi dacewa, muna rage ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ayyukan matsi na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da takaddamar kullewa kafin su iya yin tasiri ga ayyukanku. Yanayin Mewayz na yau da kullun yana nufin cewa an ƙera kowane sashi don sarrafa bayanai yadda ya kamata, tabbatar da cewa yayin da kasuwancin ku ke haɓaka kuma adadin bayanan ku ya ƙaru, tsarin ya kasance mai amsawa. Wannan ingantaccen tsarin aiwatarwa shine abin da ke bawa Mewayz damar samar da tushe mara tushe kuma mai ƙarfi don hadaddun, ayyuka da aka sarrafa bayanai waɗanda ke ayyana kasuwancin zamani, ƙarfafa ƙungiyar ku don yin aiki ba tare da ragewa ta ƙullun da ba a iya gani na software mara kyau.

Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi

Fahimtar kwalabe marasa ganuwa: Ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da Makullan

A cikin duniyar software, aiki shine kuɗin gamsuwar mai amfani. Ga kasuwancin da ke dogaro da hadaddun aikace-aikace, jinkirin martani da daskarewar tsarin sun wuce kawai bacin rai; barazana ce kai tsaye ga yawan aiki da kudaden shiga. Sau da yawa, tushen waɗannan al'amurran da suka shafi aikin ba su bayyana nan da nan ba, suna zurfafa cikin gine-ginen software ɗin kanta. Biyu daga cikin na yau da kullun kuma masu lalata masu laifi sune matsa lamba na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da takaddama na kullewa. Ana gasa waɗannan matsalolin akai-akai zuwa cikin al'ada, tsarin ƙira na abin da ke ba da fifiko ga tsarin lambar ga mai shirye-shirye fiye da ƙungiyar bayanai don na'ura. Don gina babban aiki, tsarin sikeli wanda kamfanoni na zamani ke buƙata, canjin yanayi ya zama dole. Wannan shi ne inda Data-oriented Design (DOD) ya fito a matsayin falsafar mahimmanci, wanda ke daidaita tsarin gine-ginen software tare da kayan aikin da yake aiki a kai don kawar da waɗannan ƙullun kafin su fara.

Boyayyen Jawo na Matsi na Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwaƙwalwa

A ainihinsa, matsa lamba na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya yana nufin nau'in da aka sanya akan tsarin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar tsarin (RAM da cache na CPU). Na'urori na zamani suna da sauri sosai, amma suna ɗaukar lokaci mai yawa suna jiran a samo bayanai daga babban ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya. Don rage wannan, CPUs suna amfani da ƙananan bankunan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya masu sauri da ake kira caches. Lokacin da bayanan da CPU ke buƙata ya riga ya kasance a cikin cache (buguwar cache), aiki yana sauri. Lokacin da ba haka ba ne (rashin cache), CPU yana tsayawa, yana jiran a dawo da bayanan. Matsi na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya yana faruwa lokacin da saitin bayanan aiki ya yi girma ko kuma ba a tsara shi ba, yana haifar da asarar cache akai-akai. A cikin ƙirar da aka saba da abu, yawancin bayanai suna warwatse a cikin abubuwa da yawa da aka keɓe. Yin maimaita ta cikin jerin waɗannan abubuwa yana nufin tsalle zuwa wurare dabam dabam na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, ƙirar da ke da lahani ga ingancin cache. Prefetcher na CPU ba zai iya tsammanin waɗannan damar shiga ba, wanda ke haifar da tsayawa akai-akai da kuma mummunan aiki.

Lokacin da Aikin Haɗin kai ya kasa: Matsalar Kulle Content

A cikin aikace-aikacen da aka yi da zaren da yawa, inda ake aiwatar da ayyuka da yawa a lokaci ɗaya, masu haɓakawa suna amfani da makullai (ko ɓata lokaci) don hana zaren daban-daban canza bayanai iri ɗaya a lokaci guda, wanda zai haifar da ɓarna. Rikicin kullewa yana tasowa lokacin da zaren da yawa akai-akai ƙoƙarin samun makullin iri ɗaya. Maimakon yin aiki a layi daya, zaren zai ƙare a kan layi don juyowarsu, suna yin jerin ayyukan da ake so su kasance tare. Wannan yana jujjuya tsarin multi-core, wanda ya kamata ya ba da ƙarin kayan aiki, zuwa tsarin da muryoyin ke zama mara amfani, toshe ta hanyar cunkoson ababen hawa. Rikicin kulle-kulle alama ce ta gine-ginen gine-gine inda aka yi tarayya da juna, yanayin da ba za a iya canzawa ba, wani yanayi akai-akai na tsarin da ya dace da abu wanda ke tsara duniya azaman jadawali na abubuwa masu haɗin gwiwa. Babban abin da ake samu da sakin makullai, haɗe da lokacin jira, na iya niƙa ƙwanƙolin tsarin zuwa tsayawa.

Zane-zane mai-daidaita bayanai: Gine-gine don Ayyuka

Zane-zanen bayanai ba ƙayyadadden ɗakin karatu ba ne ko kayan aiki, amma babban canjin tunani ne. Maimakon tambayar "Mene ne abubuwan da ke cikin tsarina?", DOD ya tambayi "Mene ne canje-canjen da nake bukata in yi akan bayanai na, kuma ta yaya zan iya tsara wannan bayanan don yin canje-canjen da kyau sosai?" Wannan hanya kai tsaye tana magance matsalolin matsa lamba na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da takaddama ta kulle ta hanyar ba da fifikon yadda ake samun bayanai a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya.

Gina akan Gidauniya mai ƙarfi tare da Mewayz

Ɗauki falsafar ƙira mai tushen bayanai daga tushe shine mabuɗin don gina aikace-aikacen kasuwanci waɗanda ba kawai masu aiki ba ne, amma na musamman cikin sauri da ƙima. Wannan shine ainihin ka'ida a bayan gine-ginen Mewayz. Ta hanyar ƙirƙira OS ɗin kasuwancin mu na yau da kullun tare da kwararar bayanai da ingantaccen kayan masarufi a matsayin abubuwan da suka fi dacewa, muna rage ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ayyukan matsi na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da takaddamar kullewa kafin su iya yin tasiri ga ayyukanku. Yanayin Mewayz na yau da kullun yana nufin cewa an ƙera kowane sashi don sarrafa bayanai yadda ya kamata, tabbatar da cewa yayin da kasuwancin ku ke haɓaka kuma adadin bayanan ku ya ƙaru, tsarin ya kasance mai amsawa. Wannan ingantaccen tsarin aiwatarwa shine abin da ke bawa Mewayz damar samar da tushe mara tushe kuma mai ƙarfi don hadaddun, ayyuka da aka sarrafa bayanai waɗanda ke ayyana kasuwancin zamani, ƙarfafa ƙungiyar ku don yin aiki ba tare da ragewa ta ƙullun da ba a iya gani na software mara kyau.