Microservices ndi Lamulo Loyamba la Zinthu Zogawidwa (2014)

Mzimu Mumakina Amakono: Kuyenderanso Mfundo Yoyambira

 Mwa kuwononga dongosolo la monolithic mumagulu ang'onoang'ono, odziyimira pawokha, magulu a chitukuko amatha kupanga mofulumira ndi kuyika ndi chidaliro chachikulu. Komabe, mphamvu yogawidwa iyi imabwera ndi zovuta zake. Zaka zingapo zisanachitike ma microservices, mfundo yodziwika bwino idanenedwa yomwe imathetsa vutoli. Mu 2014, Martin Fowler ndi James Lewis, mu ntchito yawo ya seminal pa microservices, adayambitsa "Lamulo Loyamba la Zinthu Zogawidwa." Lamuloli likunena chowonadi chosavuta, chankhanza: Musagawire zinthu zanu. Ngakhale kuti zikuwoneka kuti zikutsutsana ndi njira ya microservices, lamuloli silikudzudzula koma ndi chenjezo lofunika kwambiri—nyenyezi yotsogola yoyenda m’madzi achinyengo a kamangidwe ka machitidwe ogawa.

Kodi Lamulo Loyamba la Zinthu Zogawidwa Ndi Chiyani?

Kuti timvetse lamuloli, choyamba tiyenera kubwerera m'mbuyo kuchokera ku microservices ndikuganizira zomwe zidalipo kale: paradigm yogawidwa. Matekinoloje monga CORBA, Java RMI, ndi DCOM adalonjeza dziko lomwe zinthu zitha kulumikizana mosadukiza malire a netiweki ngati kuti ndi zakomweko. Lingalirolo linali lokopa—chitsanzo chadongosolo chogwirizana chomwe chinachotsa zovuta za netiweki. Chowonadi, komabe, chinali chowopsa cha kulumikizana kolimba, kulumikizana kwamphamvu, ndi zolephera zobisika. "Lamulo Loyamba" linatuluka ngati phunziro lovuta kwambiri kuyambira nthawi ino. Imanena kuti maukonde si oonekera; ndi yosadalirika, yochedwa, komanso yosiyana kwambiri ndi kukumbukira kwanuko. Kuyesa kunamizira mwanjira ina poyimba mafoni akutali kumawoneka ngati njira yopemphelera kwanuko ndi njira yobweretsera tsoka. Imapanga kachitidwe komwe kulephera pang'ono, komwe kungathe kuchitika mosadziwika bwino, komanso komwe kumagwira ntchito sikungadziwike.

"Lamulo loyamba la zinthu zogawidwa: Osagawira zinthu zanu. Ndizokwera mtengo, ndizovuta, ndipo ndizomwe zimayambitsa ziphuphu zambiri. Maukonde sakuwonekera."

Kuchokera ku Chenjezo kupita ku Nzeru: Kugwiritsa Ntchito Lamulo ku Microservices

Ngati Lamulo Loyamba lichenjeza za kugawa, lingagwire ntchito bwanji ku ma microservices, omwe amagawidwa mwachibadwa? Mfungulo ili mu kutanthauzira. Lamulo silikunena kuti "musamange machitidwe ogawidwa." Amati, "Musachite manyazi nazo." Ma Microservices, akachitidwa molondola, amavomereza zenizeni za netiweki m'malo moyesa kubisa. Amavomereza zotsatira za kugawa ndi kupanga kwa iwo momveka bwino. Izi zikutanthauza:

• Kupanga Zolephereka: Kungoganiza kuti ntchito zidzalephera ndikumanganso njira zolimba mtima monga zoyesereranso, zowononga ma circuit, ndi kuwonongeka kwabwino.
• Kukumbatirana Kulankhulana Kosasinthika: Kugwiritsa ntchito mizere ya mauthenga ndi zochitika zoyendetsedwa ndi zochitika kuti mupewe kulumikizana kolimba, kofanana komwe kumasokoneza zinthu zogawidwa.
• Kufotokozera Malire Omveka: Kupanga mautumiki okhudzana ndi luso la bizinesi, ndi ma API odziwika bwino, osati zovuta zaukadaulo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale malo oyeretsera, okhazikika.
• Kuika Patsogolo Muyini Wa data: Kuwonetsetsa kuti ntchito iliyonse ndi mwiniwake yekha wa data, kupewa zotsutsana ndi zosagwirizana ndi database zomwe zimapanganso kulumikizana kwamtundu umodzi pagawo la data.

Mukuwunika uku, Lamulo Loyamba ndi mfundo yoyambira bwino yomanga ma microservice. Zimakakamiza magulu kuti aganizire mozama za malire a ntchito ndi njira zoyankhulirana kuyambira pachiyambi.

Mewayz: Kumanga Pansi Pansi

Kwa mabizinesi amakono, zovuta zongoyerekeza zamakina ogawidwa zimakhala zothandiza kwambiri mwachangu. Apa ndipamene nsanja ngati Mewayz imapereka mwayi wofunikira. Kumanga ndi kukonza kamangidwe kolimba ka ma microservices kuyambira pachiyambi kumafuna ukadaulo waukulu komanso kuyesetsa kosalekeza. Mewayz imagwira ntchito ngati modular bizinesi OS yomwe imathandizira maphunziro ovuta a Lamulo Loyamba la Zinthu Zogawidwa. Amapereka maziko oyambira - kupezeka kwa ntchito, zipata za API, mabasi a zochitika, ndi magawo osasunthika a data - zomwe zidapangidwa kuchokera pansi kuti zithetse zovuta zogawa. M'malo moti gulu lanu likulimbana ndi zovuta za kudalirika kwa maukonde ndi latency, atha kuyang'ana kwambiri pakukulitsa malingaliro abizinesi omwe amapereka phindu. Mewayz amaonetsetsa kuti maziko a dongosolo lanu logawira amamangidwa pa malo okhazikika, otsimikiziridwa, kukulolani kuti mugwiritse ntchito phindu la njira ya microservices popanda kugwera mu misampha yomwe Lamulo Loyamba linazindikiritsa mwanzeru.

Mapeto: Lamulo la Mibadwo Yambiri

Lamulo Loyamba la Zinthu Zogawidwa lidakali lofunika lero monga momwe linaliri mu 2014. Limakhala chikumbutso chosatha kuti pamene ma paradigms a teknoloji akusintha, zopinga zazikulu za physics ndi maukonde sizitero. Kwa bungwe lililonse lomwe likuyamba ulendo wa microservices, kulemekeza lamuloli ndi sitepe yoyamba yopanga dongosolo lomwe silimangogawidwa, koma lokhazikika komanso lowopsa. Imalimbikitsa filosofi yopangira mwadala pazovuta zosavuta. Posankha nsanja ngati Mewayz, simukungotengera ukadaulo; mukulowetsa nzeru izi m'machitidwe anu abizinesi, kuwonetsetsa kuti kamangidwe kanu kamakhala kokhazikika komanso kogwira ntchito m'dziko lenileni.

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

Mzimu Mumakina Amakono: Kuyenderanso Mfundo Yoyambira

 Mwa kuwononga dongosolo la monolithic mumagulu ang'onoang'ono, odziyimira pawokha, magulu a chitukuko amatha kupanga mofulumira ndi kuyika ndi chidaliro chachikulu. Komabe, mphamvu yogawidwa iyi imabwera ndi zovuta zake. Zaka zingapo zisanachitike ma microservices, mfundo yodziwika bwino idanenedwa yomwe imathetsa vutoli. Mu 2014, Martin Fowler ndi James Lewis, mu ntchito yawo ya seminal pa microservices, adayambitsa "Lamulo Loyamba la Zinthu Zogawidwa." Lamuloli likunena mfundo yosavuta komanso yankhanza: Osagawa zinthu zanu. Ngakhale kuti zikuwoneka kuti zikutsutsana ndi njira ya microservices, lamuloli silikudzudzula koma ndi chenjezo lofunika kwambiri - nyenyezi yotsogolera kuyendetsa madzi achinyengo a machitidwe ogawidwa.

Kodi Lamulo Loyamba la Zinthu Zogawidwa Ndi Chiyani?

Kuti timvetse lamuloli, choyamba tiyenera kubwerera m'mbuyo kuchokera ku microservices ndikuganizira zomwe zidalipo kale: paradigm yogawidwa. Matekinoloje monga CORBA, Java RMI, ndi DCOM adalonjeza dziko lomwe zinthu zitha kulumikizana mosadukiza malire a netiweki ngati kuti ndi zakomweko. Lingalirolo linali lokopa—chitsanzo chadongosolo chogwirizana chomwe chinachotsa zovuta za netiweki. Chowonadi, komabe, chinali chowopsa cha kulumikizana kolimba, kulumikizana kwamphamvu, ndi zolephera zobisika. "Lamulo Loyamba" linatuluka ngati phunziro lovuta kwambiri kuyambira nthawi ino. Imanena kuti maukonde si oonekera; ndi yosadalirika, yochedwa, komanso yosiyana kwambiri ndi kukumbukira kwanuko. Kuyesa kunamizira mwanjira ina poyimba mafoni akutali kumawoneka ngati njira yopemphelera kwanuko ndi njira yobweretsera tsoka. Imapanga kachitidwe komwe kulephera pang'ono, komwe kungathe kuchitika mosadziwika bwino, komanso komwe kumagwira ntchito sikungadziwike.

Kuchokera ku Chenjezo kupita ku Nzeru: Kugwiritsa Ntchito Lamulo ku Microservices

Ngati Lamulo Loyamba lichenjeza za kugawa, lingagwire ntchito bwanji ku ma microservices, omwe amagawidwa mwachibadwa? Mfungulo ili mu kutanthauzira. Lamulo silikunena kuti "musamange machitidwe ogawidwa." Amati, "Musachite manyazi nazo." Ma Microservices, akachitidwa molondola, amavomereza zenizeni za netiweki m'malo moyesa kubisa. Amavomereza zotsatira za kugawa ndi kupanga kwa iwo momveka bwino. Izi zikutanthauza:

Mewayz: Kumanga Pansi Pansi

Kwa mabizinesi amakono, zovuta zongoyerekeza zamakina ogawidwa zimakhala zothandiza kwambiri mwachangu. Apa ndipamene nsanja ngati Mewayz imapereka mwayi wofunikira. Kumanga ndi kukonza kamangidwe kolimba ka ma microservices kuyambira pachiyambi kumafuna ukadaulo waukulu komanso kuyesetsa kosalekeza. Mewayz imagwira ntchito ngati modular bizinesi OS yomwe imathandizira maphunziro ovuta a Lamulo Loyamba la Zinthu Zogawidwa. Amapereka maziko oyambira - kupezeka kwa ntchito, zipata za API, mabasi a zochitika, ndi magawo osasunthika a data - zomwe zidapangidwa kuchokera pansi kuti zithetse zovuta zogawa. M'malo moti gulu lanu likulimbana ndi zovuta za kudalirika kwa maukonde ndi latency, atha kuyang'ana kwambiri pakukulitsa malingaliro abizinesi omwe amapereka phindu. Mewayz amaonetsetsa kuti maziko a dongosolo lanu logawira amamangidwa pa malo okhazikika, otsimikiziridwa, kukulolani kuti mugwiritse ntchito phindu la njira ya microservices popanda kugwera mu misampha yomwe Lamulo Loyamba linazindikiritsa mwanzeru.

Mapeto: Lamulo la Mibadwo Yambiri

Lamulo Loyamba la Zinthu Zogawidwa lidakali lofunika lero monga momwe linaliri mu 2014. Limakhala chikumbutso chosatha kuti pamene ma paradigms a teknoloji akusintha, zopinga zazikulu za physics ndi maukonde sizitero. Kwa bungwe lililonse lomwe likuyamba ulendo wa microservices, kulemekeza lamuloli ndi sitepe yoyamba yopanga dongosolo lomwe silimangogawidwa, koma lokhazikika komanso lowopsa. Imalimbikitsa filosofi yopangira mwadala pazovuta zosavuta. Posankha nsanja ngati Mewayz, simukungotengera ukadaulo; mukulowetsa nzeru izi m'machitidwe anu abizinesi, kuwonetsetsa kuti kamangidwe kanu kamakhala kokhazikika komanso kogwira ntchito m'dziko lenileni.