Microservices uye Mutemo Wekutanga Wezvinhu Zvakagoverwa (2014)

Chipoko Mumuchina Wemazuva Ano: Kudzokorodza Nheyo Yekutanga

Mukuenderera mberi kwekutyaira kune digital agility, mamicroservices ave nzira yekuvaka yesarudzo yekuvaka scalable, inosimba maapplication. Nekuora monolithic system kuita muunganidzwa wediki, akazvimirira masevhisi, zvikwata zvebudiriro zvinogona kuvandudza nekukurumidza uye kutumira nekuvimba kukuru. Nekudaro, iri simba rakagovaniswa rinouya nekuoma kwemukati. Makore akawanda mamicroservices asati asvika kwose kwose, imwe nheyo yesainzi yakatsanangurwa inobaya mwoyo wedambudziko iri. Muna 2014, Martin Fowler naJames Lewis, mubasa ravo rekupedzisira pane microservices, vakaunza "Mutemo Wekutanga Wezvinhu Zvakagoverwa." Mutemo uyu unotaura chokwadi chakapfava, chine hutsinye:Usagova zvinhu zvako. Kunyange zvazvo uchiita seunopokana nemaitiro e microservices, mutemo uyu hausi kutsoropodza asi yambiro inokosha—nyeredzi inotungamirira pakufamba mumvura dzinonyengera dzemagadzirirwo ehurongwa hwakaparadzirwa.

Ndeipi Mutemo Wekutanga Wezvinhu Zvakagoverwa?

Kuti tinzwisise mutemo uyu, tinofanira kutanga tadzokera kumashure kubva kumamicroservices tofunga akautangira: the distributed object paradigm. Tekinoroji dzakaita seCORBA, Java RMI, uye DCOM yakavimbisa nyika iyo zvinhu zvinokwanisa kutaurirana zvisina mutsetse pamiganhu yetiweki sekunge ndezvenzvimbo. Pfungwa iyi yainyengerera-yakabatana programming modhi yaibvisa kuomarara kwenetwork. Chokwadi, zvakadaro, chaive chinotyisa chekubatana kwakasimba, brittle kubatana, uye kutadza kwakavanzika. "Mutemo Wekutanga" wakabuda sechidzidzo chakawanwa zvakaoma kubva panguva ino. Inotaura kuti network haina kujeka; harivimbiki, rinononoka, uye rakasiyana zvikuru nendangariro dzomunharaunda. Kuedza kunyepedzera neimwe nzira nekuita nhare dziri kure dzitaridzike senge nzira yenzvimbo yekukumbira ndiyo nzira yenjodzi. Inogadzira sisitimu umo kutadza kudiki, kure kure kunogona kuitika zvisingatarisike, uye uko kuita kusingazivikanwe.

"Mutemo wekutanga wezvinhu zvakagoverwa: Usagovera zvinhu zvako. Inodhura, yakaoma, uye inokonzera zvipembenene zvakawanda. Iyo network haisi pachena."

Kubva Yambiro kuenda kuUchenjeri: Kushandisa Mutemo kune Microservices

Kana Mutemo wekutanga uchiyambira pamusoro pekugovera, ungashande sei kune mamicroservices, ayo anogovaniswa? Chinokosha chiri mukududzira. Mutemo hausi kuti "usambofa wakavaka masisitimu akagoverwa." Iri kuti, "usaite benzi pamusoro pazvo." Microservices, kana yaitwa nemazvo, inombundikira chokwadi chetiweki pane kuedza kuvanza. Vanobvuma migumisiro yekugovera uye kugadzira kwavari zvakajeka. Izvi zvinoreva:

• Kugadzira Kukundikana: Tichifunga kuti masevhisi achakundikana uye kuvaka mumatanho ekusimba semayedzazve, macircuit breaker, nekudzikisira kwakanaka.
• Kumbundirana Asynchronous Kukurukurirana: Kushandisa mitsetse yemeseji uye maitiro anofambiswa nezviitiko kudzivirira kubatana kwakasimba, kwakafanana uko kwatambudza zvinhu zvakaparadzirwa.
• Kutsanangudza Miganhu Yakajeka: Kugadzira masevhisi akatenderedza kugona kwebhizinesi, aine maAPI akatsanangurwa, pane kunetsekana nehunyanzvi, izvo zvinotungamira kune dzakachena, dzakagadzikana.
• Kukoshesa Muridzi Wedata: Kuona kuti sevhisi yega yega ndiye muridzi wedata rayo, tichinzvenga dhizaini inorwisa-pattern yakagovaniswa inogadzira patsva kubatana kwe monolithic pane data layer.

Muchiedza ichi, Mutemo wekutanga ndiwo musimboti wekutanga wekubudirira microservice architecture. Zvinomanikidza zvikwata kufunga zvine hudzamu pamusoro pemiganhu yesevhisi uye maitiro ekutaurirana kubva pakutanga.

Mewayz: Kuvaka paStable Ground

Kumabhizinesi emazuva ano, matambudziko edzidziso emasisitimu akagoverwa anove anoshanda nekukasira. Apa ndipo apo chikuva chakaita seMewayz chinopa mukana wakaoma. Kuvaka uye kuchengetedza yakasimba microservices architecture kubva kutanga kunoda hunyanzvi hukuru uye kuenderera mberi nekuedza. Mewayz inoita semodular bhizinesi OS inoisa mukati zvidzidzo zvakaoma zveMutemo wekutanga weZvinhu Zvakaparadzirwa. Inopa zvivakwa zvepasi - kuwanikwa kwesevhisi, magedhi eAPI, bhazi rezviitiko, uye dhata dhizaini-akagadzirwa kubva pasi kusvika kumusoro kubata kuoma kwekugovera. Panzvimbo pekuti timu yako iite mutsimba nehukasha hwekuvimbika kwenetiweki uye latency, ivo vanogona kutarisa mukugadzira iyo bhizinesi logic inopa kukosha. Mewayz inova nechokwadi chekuti zvinhu zvehwaro zvegadziriro yako yakagovaniswa zvakavakwa panzvimbo yakagadzikana, yakasimbiswa, zvichikutendera kuti ukwidziridze mabhenefiti enzira yemicroservices pasina kuwira mumisungo yakaonekwa neMutemo Wekutanga.

Mhedziso: Mutemo weMazera

Mutemo Wekutanga Wezvinhu Zvakaparadzirwa unoramba uchishanda nhasi sezvawakanga uri muna 2014. Unoshanda sechiyeuchidzo chisingagumi chokuti nepo tekinoroji paradigms inoshanduka, zvisungo zvakakosha zvefizikisi nemambure hazviiti. Kune chero sangano rinotanga rwendo rwemicroservices, kuremekedza mutemo uyu inhanho yekutanga yekuvaka hurongwa husiri kungogoverwa chete, asi hunosimba uye hunowedzera. Inokurudzira huzivi hwemaune dhizaini pane zviri nyore kubvisa. Nekusarudza chikuva seMewayz, hausi kungotora tekinoroji; uri kupinza hungwaru uhu mugwara chairo rekushanda kwebhizinesi rako, kuve nechokwadi chekuti chivakwa chako chakavakwa kuti chigare uye kuita munyika chaiyo.

Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa

Chipoko Mumuchina Wemazuva Ano: Kuongororazve Nheyo Yekutanga

Mukuenderera mberi kwekutyaira kune digital agility, mamicroservices ave nzira yekuvaka yesarudzo yekuvaka scalable, inosimba maapplication. Nekuora monolithic system kuita muunganidzwa wediki, akazvimirira masevhisi, zvikwata zvebudiriro zvinogona kuvandudza nekukurumidza uye kutumira nekuvimba kukuru. Nekudaro, iri simba rakagovaniswa rinouya nekuoma kwemukati. Makore akawanda mamicroservices asati asvika kwose kwose, imwe nheyo yesainzi yakatsanangurwa inobaya mwoyo wedambudziko iri. Muna 2014, Martin Fowler naJames Lewis, mubasa ravo rekupedzisira pane microservices, vakaunza "Mutemo Wekutanga Wezvinhu Zvakagoverwa." Mutemo uyu unotaura chokwadi chiri nyore, chine utsinye: Usagove zvinhu zvako. Kunyange zvazvo uchiita seunopokana nemaitiro e microservices, mutemo uyu hausi kushora asi yambiro yakakosha—nyeredzi inotungamira pakufamba mumvura dzine hunyengeri dzemagadzirirwo ehurongwa hwakaparadzirwa.

Ndeipi Mutemo Wekutanga Wezvinhu Zvakagoverwa?

Kuti tinzwisise mutemo uyu, tinofanira kutanga tadzokera kumashure kubva kumamicroservices tofunga akautangira: the distributed object paradigm. Tekinoroji dzakaita seCORBA, Java RMI, uye DCOM yakavimbisa nyika iyo zvinhu zvinokwanisa kutaurirana zvisina mutsetse pamiganhu yetiweki sekunge ndezvenzvimbo. Pfungwa iyi yainyengerera-yakabatana programming modhi yaibvisa kuomarara kwenetwork. Chokwadi, zvakadaro, chaive chinotyisa chekubatana kwakasimba, brittle kubatana, uye kutadza kwakavanzika. "Mutemo Wekutanga" wakabuda sechidzidzo chakawanwa zvakaoma kubva panguva ino. Inotaura kuti network haina kujeka; harivimbiki, rinononoka, uye rakasiyana zvikuru nendangariro dzomunharaunda. Kuedza kunyepedzera neimwe nzira nekuita nhare dziri kure dzitaridzike senge nzira yenzvimbo yekukumbira ndiyo nzira yenjodzi. Inogadzira sisitimu umo kutadza kudiki, kure kure kunogona kuitika zvisingatarisike, uye uko kuita kusingazivikanwe.

Kubva Yambiro kuenda kuUchenjeri: Kushandisa Mutemo kune Microservices

Kana Mutemo wekutanga uchiyambira pamusoro pekugovera, ungashande sei kune mamicroservices, ayo anogovaniswa? Chinokosha chiri mukududzira. Mutemo hausi kuti "usambofa wakavaka masisitimu akagoverwa." Iri kuti, "usaite benzi pamusoro pazvo." Microservices, kana yaitwa nemazvo, inombundikira chokwadi chetiweki pane kuedza kuvanza. Vanobvuma migumisiro yekugovera uye kugadzira kwavari zvakajeka. Izvi zvinoreva:

Mewayz: Kuvaka paGround Yakatsiga

Kumabhizinesi emazuva ano, matambudziko edzidziso emasisitimu akagoverwa anove anoshanda nekukasira. Apa ndipo apo chikuva chakaita seMewayz chinopa mukana wakaoma. Kuvaka uye kuchengetedza yakasimba microservices architecture kubva kutanga kunoda hunyanzvi hukuru uye kuenderera mberi nekuedza. Mewayz inoita semodular bhizinesi OS inoisa mukati zvidzidzo zvakaoma zveMutemo wekutanga weZvinhu Zvakaparadzirwa. Inopa zvivakwa zvepasi - kuwanikwa kwesevhisi, magedhi eAPI, bhazi rezviitiko, uye dhata dhizaini-akagadzirwa kubva pasi kusvika kumusoro kubata kuoma kwekugovera. Panzvimbo pekuti timu yako iite mutsimba nehukasha hwekuvimbika kwenetiweki uye latency, ivo vanogona kutarisa mukugadzira iyo bhizinesi logic inopa kukosha. Mewayz inova nechokwadi chekuti zvinhu zvehwaro zvegadziriro yako yakagovaniswa zvakavakwa panzvimbo yakagadzikana, yakasimbiswa, zvichikutendera kuti ukwidziridze mabhenefiti enzira yemicroservices pasina kuwira mumisungo yakaonekwa neMutemo Wekutanga.

Mhedziso: Mutemo weMazera

Mutemo Wekutanga Wezvinhu Zvakaparadzirwa unoramba uchishanda nhasi sezvawakanga uri muna 2014. Unoshanda sechiyeuchidzo chisingagumi chokuti nepo tekinoroji paradigms inoshanduka, zvisungo zvakakosha zvefizikisi nemambure hazviiti. Kune chero sangano rinotanga rwendo rwemicroservices, kuremekedza mutemo uyu inhanho yekutanga yekuvaka hurongwa husiri kungogoverwa chete, asi hunosimba uye hunowedzera. Inokurudzira huzivi hwemaune dhizaini pane zviri nyore kubvisa. Nekusarudza chikuva seMewayz, hausi kungotora tekinoroji; uri kupinza hungwaru uhu mugwara chairo rekushanda kwebhizinesi rako, kuve nechokwadi chekuti chivakwa chako chakavakwa kuti chigare uye kuita munyika chaiyo.