Microservices ne Mmara a Edi Kan a ɛfa nneɛma a wɔakyekyɛ ho (2014) .

Honhom a Ɛwɔ Nnɛyi Mfiri no Mu: Fapem Nnyinasosɛm bi a Wɔsan Kɔhwɛ

Wɔ mmɔdenbɔ a ennyae a ɛkɔ dijitaal ahokeka mu no, microservices abɛyɛ adansi nhyehyɛe a wɔpaw de si dwumadie a ɛtumi sesa, a ɛtumi gyina ano. Ɛdenam nhyehyɛe a ɛyɛ biako a wɔbɛporɔw ayɛ no nnwuma nketewa a wɔde wɔn ho a wɔaboaboa ano so no, nkɔso akuw betumi ayɛ nneɛma foforo ntɛmntɛm na wɔde ahotoso kɛse de adi dwuma. Nanso, tumi a wɔakyekyɛ yi de nneɛma a ɛyɛ den fi awosu mu ba. Mfe bi ansa na microservices reba baabiara no, wɔkaa nnyinasosɛm bi a wɔadi kan ahu a ɛtwa asɛnnennen yi koma mu. Wɔ afe 2014 mu no, Martin Fowler ne James Lewis, wɔ wɔn adwuma titiriw a ɛfa microservices ho no, de "Mmara a Edi Kan a ɛfa nneɛma a wɔakyekyɛ ho" bae. Saa mmara yi ka nokwasɛm a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, atirimɔdensɛm: Nkyekyɛ wo nneɛma. Ɛwom sɛ ɛte sɛ nea ɛne microservices kwan no bɔ abira de, nanso mmara yi nyɛ afobu na mmom kɔkɔbɔ a ɛho hia —nsoromma a ɛkyerɛ kwan ma wɔfa nsu a ɛyɛ nsisi a ɛwɔ nhyehyɛe ahorow a wɔakyekyɛ no nhyehyɛe mu.

Dɛn ne Mmara a Edi Kan a Ɛfa Nneɛma a Wɔakyekyɛ Ho?

Sɛ yɛbɛte saa mmara yi ase a, ɛsɛ sɛ yɛdi kan san yɛn akyi firi microservices ho na yɛsusu deɛ ɛdii n’anim no ho: distributed object paradigm. Mfiridwuma te sɛ CORBA, Java RMI, ne DCOM hyɛɛ wiase a nneɛma betumi adi nkitaho a ɛnyɛ den wɔ ntwamutam ahye so te sɛ nea ɛwɔ mpɔtam hɔ ho bɔ. Ná adwene no yɛ nea ɛdaadaa—nhyehyɛe nhyehyɛe a wɔaka abom a ɛma woyi nneɛma a ɛyɛ den a ɛwɔ nkitahodi nhyehyɛe no mu no fi hɔ. Nanso, na nokwasɛm no yɛ dae bɔne a ɛfa nkitahodi a emu yɛ den, nkitahodi a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, ne huammɔdi ahorow a ahintaw ho. "Mmara a Edi Kan" no puei sɛ asuade a wɔde mmɔdenbɔ nyaa fii saa bere yi mu. Ɛsi so dua sɛ nkitahodibea no nyɛ nea ɛda adi pefee; ɛnyɛ nea wotumi de ho to so, ɛyɛ brɛoo, na ɛsono no titiriw wɔ mpɔtam hɔ nkae ho. Mmɔden a wobɛbɔ sɛ wobɛyɛ wo ho sɛ ɛnte saa denam akyirikyiri frɛ a wobɛma ayɛ te sɛ mpɔtam hɔ kwan a wɔfa so frɛ no so no yɛ asiane ho aduannoa. Ɛbɔ nhyehyɛe bi a huammɔdi ketewaa bi a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri betumi ayɛ cascade a wontumi nhu, na baabi a wontumi nhu adwumayɛ.

a wɔde ahyɛ mu "Mmara a edi kan a ɛfa nneɛma a wɔakyekyɛ ho: Nkyekyɛ wo nneɛma. Ɛyɛ den, ɛyɛ den, na ɛyɛ bɔne pii fibea. Ntwamutam no nyɛ nea ɛda adi."

Efi Kɔkɔbɔ so Kɔ Nyansa so: Mmara no a Wɔde Di Dwuma wɔ Microservices

Sɛ Mmara a Edi Kan no bɔ kɔkɔ wɔ nkyekyɛmu ho a, ɛbɛyɛ dɛn na atumi afa microservices, a wɔkyekyɛ fi awosu mu no ho? Ade titiriw no wɔ nkyerɛase no mu. Mmara no nka sɛ "nkyekye nhyehyɛe a wɔakyekyɛ da." Ɛreka sɛ, "nnyɛ naive wɔ ho." Microservices, sɛ wɔyɛ no yiye a, egye nokwasɛm a ɛwɔ network no mu tom sen sɛ wɔbɛbɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔde besie. Wogye nea efi nkyekyɛmu ne nhyehyɛe a wɔyɛ ma wɔn mu ba no tom pefee. Wei kyerε sε:

• Designing for Failure: Fa no sɛ nnwuma bedi nkogu na yɛkyekye wɔ resilience nhyehyɛe te sɛ retries, circuit breakers, ne graceful degradation.
• Asynchronous Communication a wogye tom: Nkrasɛm ntonto ne nsɛm a esisi-driven patterns a wode bedi dwuma de akwati synchronous coupling a ɛyɛ den, synchronous coupling a ɛhaw nneɛma a wɔakyekyɛ no.
• Ahyeɛ a Ɛda Hɔ a Wɔbɛkyerɛ: Nnwuma a wɔbɛbɔ atwa adwumayɛ tumi ho ahyia, a API a wɔakyerɛkyerɛ mu yie ka ho, sene mfiridwuma ho haw, a ɛde nkitahodiɛ a ɛho tew, ɛyɛ den ba.
• Data a Wɔde Di kan: Hwɛ sɛ ɔsom biara yɛ ne data wura nko ara, kwati database a wɔkyɛ anti-pattern a ɛsan yɛ monolithic coupling wɔ data layer no so.

Wɔ saa hann yi mu no, Mmara a Edi Kan no yɛ nnyinasosɛm titiriw ma microservice architecture a edi mu. Ɛhyɛ akuw ma wosusuw ɔsom ahye ne nkitahodi nhyehyɛe ho yiye fi mfiase.

Mewayz: Ɔdansi wɔ Asase a Ɛyɛ Den so

Wɔ nnɛyi nnwuma fam no, nsusuwii mu nsɛnnennen a ɛwɔ nhyehyɛe a wɔakyekyɛ mu no bɛyɛ nea mfaso wɔ so kɛse ntɛmntɛm. Eyi ne baabi a asɛnka agua te sɛ Mewayz de mfaso a ɛho hia ma. Microservices nhyehyɛe a ɛyɛ den a wɔbɛkyekye na wɔahwɛ so afi mfiase no hwehwɛ sɛ wonya nimdeɛ kɛse ne mmɔdenbɔ a ɛkɔ so. Mewayz yɛ adwuma sɛ modular adwumayɛ OS a ɛde asuade a emu yɛ den a ɛwɔ Mmara a Edi Kan a ɛfa Nneɛma a Wɔakyekyɛ ho no hyɛ mu. Ɛde nnwuma a ɛwɔ aseɛ no ma —ɔsom a wɔhunu, API apon, event bus, ne data persistence layers —a wɔayɛ no firi mfitiaseɛ sɛ ɛbɛdi nkyekyɛmu a ɛyɛ den no ho dwuma. Sɛ́ anka wo kuw no bedi aperepere ne nsɛm a ɛyɛ den a ɛfa netɛw ahotoso ne latency ho no, wobetumi de wɔn adwene asi adwumayɛ mu ntease a ɛde mfaso ma no a wɔbɛma anya nkɔso so. Mewayz hwɛ sɛ wɔkyekyere wo nhyehyɛe a wɔakyekyɛ no fapem no wɔ asase a ɛyɛ den, a wɔada no adi so, na ɛma wutumi de mfaso a ɛwɔ microservices kwan so no di dwuma a worentɔ afiri a Mmara a Edi Kan no de nyansam huu no mu.

Awiei: Mmara a Wɔde Ma Mfeɛ

Mmara a ɛdi kan a ɛfa nneɛma a wɔakyekyɛ ho no da so ara fa ho nnɛ sɛdeɛ na ɛteɛ wɔ afe 2014. Ɛsom sɛ nkaeɛ a ɛnni berɛ sɛ ɛwom sɛ mfiridwuma ho nhwɛsoɔ renya nkɔsoɔ deɛ, nanso anohyetoɔ titire a ɛwɔ abɔdeɛ mu nneɛma ne nkitahodiɛ mu no nnya nkɔsoɔ. Wɔ ahyehyɛde biara a ɛrefi microservices akwantu ase fam no, mmara yi a wobebu no ne anammɔn a edi kan a ɛbɛma wɔakyekye nhyehyɛe a ɛnyɛ nea wɔkyekyɛ kɛkɛ, na mmom ɛyɛ nea ɛyɛ den ankasa na wotumi sesa. Ɛhyɛ nyansapɛ a ɛfa nneɛma a wɔhyɛ da yɛ ho nkuran sen abstraction a ɛyɛ mmerɛw. Sɛ wopaw asɛnka agua te sɛ Mewayz a, ɛnyɛ sɛ woregye mfiridwuma ho nimdeɛ atom kɛkɛ; wode saa nyansa yi rehyɛ w’adwumayɛ dwumadie no ntama ankasa mu, ahwɛ sɛ wɔasi wo adansiɛ no sɛdeɛ ɛbɛyɛ a ɛbɛtena hɔ na ayɛ adwuma wɔ wiase ankasa mu.

Nsɛmmisa a Wɔtaa Bisa

Honhom a Ɛwɔ Nnɛyi Mfiri Mu: Fapem Nnyinasosɛm bi a Wɔsan Kɔhwɛ

Wɔ mmɔdenbɔ a ennyae a ɛkɔ dijitaal ahokeka mu no, microservices abɛyɛ adansi nhyehyɛe a wɔpaw de si dwumadie a ɛtumi sesa, a ɛtumi gyina ano. Ɛdenam nhyehyɛe a ɛyɛ biako a wɔbɛporɔw ayɛ no nnwuma nketewa a wɔde wɔn ho a wɔaboaboa ano so no, nkɔso akuw betumi ayɛ nneɛma foforo ntɛmntɛm na wɔde ahotoso kɛse de adi dwuma. Nanso, tumi a wɔakyekyɛ yi de nneɛma a ɛyɛ den fi awosu mu ba. Mfe bi ansa na microservices reba baabiara no, wɔkaa nnyinasosɛm bi a wɔadi kan ahu a ɛtwa asɛnnennen yi koma mu. Wɔ afe 2014 mu no, Martin Fowler ne James Lewis, wɔ wɔn adwuma titiriw a ɛfa microservices ho no, de "Mmara a Edi Kan a ɛfa nneɛma a wɔakyekyɛ ho" bae. Saa mmara yi ka nokware a ɛyɛ mmerɛw na ɛyɛ atirimɔdensɛm: Mma nkyekyɛ wo nneɛma. Bere a ɛte sɛ nea ɛne microservices kwan no bɔ abira no, saa mmara yi nyɛ afobu na mmom kɔkɔbɔ titiriw —nsoromma a ɛkyerɛ kwan ma wɔfa nsu a ɛyɛ nsisi a ɛwɔ nhyehyɛe ahorow a wɔakyekyɛ mu nhyehyɛe mu.

Dɛn ne Mmara a Edi Kan a Ɛfa Nneɛma a Wɔakyekyɛ Ho?

Sɛ yɛbɛte saa mmara yi ase a, ɛsɛ sɛ yɛdi kan san yɛn akyi firi microservices ho na yɛsusu deɛ ɛdii n’anim no ho: distributed object paradigm. Mfiridwuma te sɛ CORBA, Java RMI, ne DCOM hyɛɛ wiase a nneɛma betumi adi nkitaho a ɛnyɛ den wɔ ntwamutam ahye so te sɛ nea ɛwɔ mpɔtam hɔ ho bɔ. Ná adwene no yɛ nea ɛdaadaa—nhyehyɛe nhyehyɛe a wɔaka abom a ɛma woyi nneɛma a ɛyɛ den a ɛwɔ nkitahodi nhyehyɛe no mu no fi hɔ. Nanso, na nokwasɛm no yɛ dae bɔne a ɛfa nkitahodi a emu yɛ den, nkitahodi a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, ne huammɔdi ahorow a ahintaw ho. "Mmara a Edi Kan" no puei sɛ asuade a wɔde mmɔdenbɔ nyaa fii saa bere yi mu. Ɛsi so dua sɛ nkitahodibea no nyɛ nea ɛda adi pefee; ɛnyɛ nea wotumi de ho to so, ɛyɛ brɛoo, na ɛsono no titiriw wɔ mpɔtam hɔ nkae ho. Mmɔden a wobɛbɔ sɛ wobɛyɛ wo ho sɛ ɛnte saa denam akyirikyiri frɛ a wobɛma ayɛ te sɛ mpɔtam hɔ kwan a wɔfa so frɛ no so no yɛ asiane ho aduannoa. Ɛbɔ nhyehyɛe bi a huammɔdi ketewaa bi a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri betumi ayɛ cascade a wontumi nhu, na baabi a wontumi nhu adwumayɛ.

Efi Kɔkɔbɔ so Kɔ Nyansa so: Mmara no a Wɔde Di Dwuma wɔ Microservices

Sɛ Mmara a Edi Kan no bɔ kɔkɔ wɔ nkyekyɛmu ho a, ɛbɛyɛ dɛn na atumi afa microservices, a wɔkyekyɛ fi awosu mu no ho? Ade titiriw no wɔ nkyerɛase no mu. Mmara no nka sɛ "nkyekye nhyehyɛe a wɔakyekyɛ da." Ɛreka sɛ, "nnyɛ naive wɔ ho." Microservices, sɛ wɔyɛ no yiye a, egye nokwasɛm a ɛwɔ network no mu tom sen sɛ wɔbɛbɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔde besie. Wogye nea efi nkyekyɛmu ne nhyehyɛe a wɔyɛ ma wɔn mu ba no tom pefee. Wei kyerε sε:

Mewayz: Ɔdansi wɔ Asase a Ɛyɛ Den so

Wɔ nnɛyi nnwuma fam no, nsusuwii mu nsɛnnennen a ɛwɔ nhyehyɛe a wɔakyekyɛ mu no bɛyɛ nea mfaso wɔ so kɛse ntɛmntɛm. Eyi ne baabi a asɛnka agua te sɛ Mewayz de mfaso a ɛho hia ma. Microservices nhyehyɛe a ɛyɛ den a wɔbɛkyekye na wɔahwɛ so afi mfiase no hwehwɛ sɛ wonya nimdeɛ kɛse ne mmɔdenbɔ a ɛkɔ so. Mewayz yɛ adwuma sɛ modular adwumayɛ OS a ɛde asuade a emu yɛ den a ɛwɔ Mmara a Edi Kan a ɛfa Nneɛma a Wɔakyekyɛ ho no hyɛ mu. Ɛde nnwuma a ɛwɔ aseɛ no ma —ɔsom a wɔhunu, API apon, event bus, ne data persistence layers —a wɔayɛ no firi mfitiaseɛ sɛ ɛbɛdi nkyekyɛmu a ɛyɛ den no ho dwuma. Sɛ́ anka wo kuw no bedi aperepere ne nsɛm a ɛyɛ den a ɛfa netɛw ahotoso ne latency ho no, wobetumi de wɔn adwene asi adwumayɛ mu ntease a ɛde mfaso ma no a wɔbɛma anya nkɔso so. Mewayz hwɛ sɛ wɔkyekyere wo nhyehyɛe a wɔakyekyɛ no fapem no wɔ asase a ɛyɛ den, a wɔada no adi so, na ɛma wutumi de mfaso a ɛwɔ microservices kwan so no di dwuma a worentɔ afiri a Mmara a Edi Kan no de nyansam huu no mu.

Awiei: Mmara a Wɔde Ma Mfeɛ

Mmara a ɛdi kan a ɛfa nneɛma a wɔakyekyɛ ho no da so ara fa ho nnɛ sɛdeɛ na ɛteɛ wɔ afe 2014. Ɛsom sɛ nkaeɛ a ɛnni berɛ sɛ ɛwom sɛ mfiridwuma ho nhwɛsoɔ renya nkɔsoɔ deɛ, nanso anohyetoɔ titire a ɛwɔ abɔdeɛ mu nneɛma ne nkitahodiɛ mu no nnya nkɔsoɔ. Wɔ ahyehyɛde biara a ɛrefi microservices akwantu ase fam no, mmara yi a wobebu no ne anammɔn a edi kan a ɛbɛma wɔakyekye nhyehyɛe a ɛnyɛ nea wɔkyekyɛ kɛkɛ, na mmom ɛyɛ nea ɛyɛ den ankasa na wotumi sesa. Ɛhyɛ nyansapɛ a ɛfa nneɛma a wɔhyɛ da yɛ ho nkuran sen abstraction a ɛyɛ mmerɛw. Sɛ wopaw asɛnka agua te sɛ Mewayz a, ɛnyɛ sɛ woregye mfiridwuma ho nimdeɛ atom kɛkɛ; wode saa nyansa yi rehyɛ w’adwumayɛ dwumadie no ntama ankasa mu, ahwɛ sɛ wɔasi wo adansiɛ no sɛdeɛ ɛbɛyɛ a ɛbɛtena hɔ na ayɛ adwuma wɔ wiase ankasa mu.