Iinkonzo ezincinci kunye noMthetho wokuQala wezinto ezisasazwayo (2014)

Umoya kumatshini wangoku: Ukuphinda ujonge uMmiselo weSiseko

Kuhambo olungenasiphelo olusingise kubuchwephesha bedijithali, ii-microservices ziye zaba yipatheni yoyilo yokhetho lokwakha usetyenziso olunokwehla, olunokuqina. Ngokubola inkqubo ye-monolithic kwingqokelela yeenkonzo ezincinci, ezizimeleyo, amaqela ophuhliso angakwazi ukusungula izinto ezintsha ngokukhawuleza kwaye asebenzise ngokuzithemba okukhulu. Nangona kunjalo, eli gunya lisasaziweyo liza nobunzima bendalo. Kwiminyaka ngaphambi kokuba ii-microservices zibekho kuyo yonke indawo, kwachazwa umgaqo-siseko osibekela intliziyo yalo mngeni. Kwi-2014, uMartin Fowler noJames Lewis, kumsebenzi wabo we-seminal kwi-microservices, bazisa "uMthetho wokuQala wezinto eziSasazwe." Lo mthetho uthetha inyani elula, ekhohlakeleyo:Musa ukusasaza izinto zakho.Nangona ubonakala uphikisana nendlela ye-microservices, lo mthetho awusosigwebo kodwa usisilumkiso esibalulekileyo-yinkwenkwezi ekhokelayo yokuhambahamba emanzini anobuqhophololo oyilo lweenkqubo ezisasazwayo.

Uthini uMthetho Wokuqala Wezinto Ezisasazwayo?

Ukuze siwuqonde lo mthetho, kufuneka siqale sibuye umva kwiinkonzo ezincinci kwaye siqwalasele owandulelayo: into esasaziweyo yeparadigm. Ubuchwephesha obufana neCORBA, iJava RMI, kunye neDCOM zithembise umhlaba apho izinto zinokunxibelelana ngaphandle komthungo kwimida yenethiwekhi ngokungathi zezasekhaya. Lo mbono wawuhenda-imodeli edibeneyo yokucwangcisa ekhupha ubunzima benethiwekhi. Inyani, nangona kunjalo, yayiliphupha elibi lokudibanisa okuqinileyo, unxibelelwano olubuthathaka, kunye nokusilela okufihlakeleyo. "UMthetho WokuQala" uvele njengesifundo esifunyenwe nzima kweli xesha. Iqinisekisa ukuba uthungelwano alukho elubala; ayithembekanga, iyacotha, kwaye yahluke ngokusisiseko kwinkumbulo yasekuhlaleni. Ukuzama ukuzenza ngenye indlela ngokwenza iminxeba ekude ijongeke njengezicelo zendlela yasekuhlaleni yindlela yokujongana nentlekele. Idala inkqubo apho ukusilela okuncinci, okukude kunokuvela ngokungalindelekanga, kwaye apho ukusebenza kungaziwa.

"Umthetho wokuqala wezinto ezisasazwayo: Musa ukusabalalisa izinto zakho. Kuyabiza, kuyinkimbinkimbi, kwaye ngumthombo weebhugi ezininzi. Inethiwekhi ayibonakali."

Ukusuka kwisilumkiso ukuya kuBulumko: Ukusebenzisa uMthetho kwiinkonzo ezincinci

Ukuba uMthetho wokuQala ulumkisa ngokuchasene nokusasazwa, kungenzeka njani ukuba usebenze kwiinkonzo ezincinci, ezisasazwa ngokwendalo? Undoqo kukutolikwa. Umthetho awutsho ukuba "ungaze wakhe iinkqubo ezisasazwayo." Ithi, "musa ukungazi nto ngayo." Ii-Microservices, xa zenziwe ngokuchanekileyo, zamkela ubunyani benethiwekhi kunokuzama ukuyifihla. Bayamkela imiphumo yokusabalalisa kunye noyilo lwabo ngokucacileyo. Oku kuthetha:

• Ukuyila ukungaphumeleli: Ukucinga ukuba iinkonzo ziya kusilela kwaye zakhiwe kwiipateni zokuqina ezifana nokuzama kwakhona, ii-circuit breakers, kunye nokuthotywa okuhle.
• Ukwamkeleka kuNxibelelwano lweAsynchronous: Ukusebenzisa imigca yemiyalezo kunye neepateni eziqhutywa kwisiganeko ukunqanda ukudityaniswa okuqinileyo, okudityanisiweyo okubethe izinto ezisasazwayo.
• Ukuchaza imida ecacileyo: Ukudala iinkonzo malunga nezakhono zoshishino, kunye ne-APIs echazwe kakuhle, kunokuba iinkxalabo zobuchwepheshe, ezikhokelela ekucoceni, ujongano oluzinzile.
• Ukubeka phambili uBunini beeDatha: Ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkonzo nganye inguye yedwa umnini wedatha yayo, ukuphepha i-database ekwabelwana ngayo i-anti-pattern ephinda iphinda idibanise i-monolithic kumaleko wedatha.

Kolu khanyiso, uMthetho wokuQala ngumgaqo-siseko oyimpumelelo woyilo lwemicroservice. Inyanzela amaqela ukuba acinge nzulu malunga nemida yenkonzo kunye neepatheni zonxibelelwano kwasekuqaleni.

Mewayz: Ukwakha kuMgangatho oZinzileyo

Kumashishini anamhlanje, imiceli mngeni yethiyori yeesistim ezisasaziweyo iba yinto esebenzayo ngokukhawuleza okukhulu. Kulapho iqonga elifana neMewayz libonelela ngenzuzo ebalulekileyo. Ukwakha kunye nokugcina ulwakhiwo oluluqilima lwee-microservices ukusuka ekuqaleni kufuna ubuchule obukhulu kunye nomzamo oqhubekayo. UMewayz usebenza njengemodyuli ye-OS yeshishini efaka ngaphakathi izifundo ezinzima zoMthetho wokuQala weZinto eziSasazo. Ibonelela ngeziseko ezisisiseko-ukufunyanwa kwenkonzo, amasango e-API, ibhasi yesiganeko, kunye neengqimba zokuzingisa kwedatha-eyilwe ukusuka phantsi ukuze iphathe ubunzima bokusabalalisa. Esikhundleni sokuba iqela lakho lijijisane nobuqhetseba bokuthembeka kwenethiwekhi kunye ne-latency, banokugxila ekuphuhliseni ingqiqo yezoshishino ehambisa ixabiso. I-Mewayz iqinisekisa ukuba izinto ezisisiseko zenkqubo yakho esasaziweyo zakhiwe phezu kozinzo, kumhlaba oqinisekisiweyo, okukuvumela ukuba usebenzise izibonelelo zendlela yeenkonzo ezincinci ngaphandle kokuwela kwimigibe eyachongwa ngobulumko nguMthetho wokuQala.

Isiphelo: Umthetho WamaXesha Adala

Umthetho wokuQala wezinto ezisasazwayo usasebenza nanamhlanje njengoko wawunjalo ngo-2014. Usebenza njengesikhumbuzo esingapheliyo ukuba ngelixa i-teknoloji ye-paradigms iguquka, imiqobo engundoqo ye-physics kunye nothungelwano ayenzi. Kuwo nawuphi na umbutho oqalisa uhambo lwemicroservices, ukuhlonipha lo mthetho linyathelo lokuqala lokwakha inkqubo engasasazwanga nje kuphela, kodwa eyomelela ngokwenene kwaye enokunyuka. Ikhuthaza ifilosofi yoyilo lwabom ngaphezu kokuthatha ngokulula. Ngokukhetha iqonga elinje ngeMewayz, awumkeli nje itekhnoloji; Ubethelela obu bulumko kwilaphu lemisebenzi yeshishini lakho, uqinisekisa ukuba uyilo lwakho lwakhiwe ukuze luhlale kwaye lusebenze kwihlabathi lokwenyani.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo

Isiporho kumatshini wangoku: Ukuphinda ujonge uMmiselo weSiseko

Kuhambo olungenasiphelo olusingise kubuchwephesha bedijithali, ii-microservices ziye zaba yipatheni yoyilo yokhetho lokwakha usetyenziso olunokwehla, olunokuqina. Ngokubola inkqubo ye-monolithic kwingqokelela yeenkonzo ezincinci, ezizimeleyo, amaqela ophuhliso angakwazi ukusungula izinto ezintsha ngokukhawuleza kwaye asebenzise ngokuzithemba okukhulu. Nangona kunjalo, eli gunya lisasaziweyo liza nobunzima bendalo. Kwiminyaka ngaphambi kokuba ii-microservices zibekho kuyo yonke indawo, kwachazwa umgaqo-siseko osibekela intliziyo yalo mngeni. Kwi-2014, uMartin Fowler noJames Lewis, kumsebenzi wabo we-seminal kwi-microservices, bazisa "uMthetho wokuQala wezinto eziSasazwe." Lo mthetho uthetha inyaniso elula nekhohlakeleyo: Musa ukusasaza izinto zakho. Ngelixa ubonakala uphikisana nendlela ye-microservices, lo mthetho awusosohlwayo kodwa usisilumkiso esibalulekileyo-yinkwenkwezi ekhokelayo yokuhamba emanzini anobuqhophololo kuyilo lweenkqubo ezisasazwayo.

Uthini uMthetho Wokuqala Wezinto Ezisasazwayo?

Ukuze siwuqonde lo mthetho, kufuneka siqale sibuye umva kwiinkonzo ezincinci kwaye siqwalasele owandulelayo: into esasaziweyo yeparadigm. Ubuchwephesha obufana neCORBA, iJava RMI, kunye neDCOM zithembise umhlaba apho izinto zinokunxibelelana ngaphandle komthungo kwimida yenethiwekhi ngokungathi zezasekhaya. Lo mbono wawuhenda-imodeli edibeneyo yokucwangcisa ekhupha ubunzima benethiwekhi. Inyani, nangona kunjalo, yayiliphupha elibi lokudibanisa okuqinileyo, unxibelelwano olubuthathaka, kunye nokusilela okufihlakeleyo. "UMthetho WokuQala" uvele njengesifundo esifunyenwe nzima kweli xesha. Iqinisekisa ukuba uthungelwano alukho elubala; ayithembekanga, iyacotha, kwaye yahluke ngokusisiseko kwinkumbulo yasekuhlaleni. Ukuzama ukuzenza ngenye indlela ngokwenza iminxeba ekude ijongeke njengezicelo zendlela yasekuhlaleni yindlela yokujongana nentlekele. Idala inkqubo apho ukusilela okuncinci, okukude kunokuvela ngokungalindelekanga, kwaye apho ukusebenza kungaziwa.

Ukusuka kwisilumkiso ukuya kuBulumko: Ukusebenzisa uMthetho kwiinkonzo ezincinci

Ukuba uMthetho wokuQala ulumkisa ngokuchasene nokusasazwa, kungenzeka njani ukuba usebenze kwiinkonzo ezincinci, ezisasazwa ngokwendalo? Undoqo kukutolikwa. Umthetho awutsho ukuba "ungaze wakhe iinkqubo ezisasazwayo." Ithi, "musa ukungazi nto ngayo." Ii-Microservices, xa zenziwe ngokuchanekileyo, zamkela ubunyani benethiwekhi kunokuzama ukuyifihla. Bayamkela imiphumo yokusabalalisa kunye noyilo lwabo ngokucacileyo. Oku kuthetha:

Mewayz: Ukwakha kuMgangatho oZinzileyo

Kumashishini anamhlanje, imiceli mngeni yethiyori yeesistim ezisasaziweyo iba yinto esebenzayo ngokukhawuleza okukhulu. Kulapho iqonga elifana neMewayz libonelela ngenzuzo ebalulekileyo. Ukwakha kunye nokugcina ulwakhiwo oluluqilima lwee-microservices ukusuka ekuqaleni kufuna ubuchule obukhulu kunye nomzamo oqhubekayo. UMewayz usebenza njengemodyuli ye-OS yeshishini efaka ngaphakathi izifundo ezinzima zoMthetho wokuQala weZinto eziSasazo. Ibonelela ngeziseko ezisisiseko-ukufunyanwa kwenkonzo, amasango e-API, ibhasi yesiganeko, kunye neengqimba zokuzingisa kwedatha-eyilwe ukusuka phantsi ukuze iphathe ubunzima bokusabalalisa. Esikhundleni sokuba iqela lakho lijijisane nobuqhetseba bokuthembeka kwenethiwekhi kunye ne-latency, banokugxila ekuphuhliseni ingqiqo yezoshishino ehambisa ixabiso. I-Mewayz iqinisekisa ukuba izinto ezisisiseko zenkqubo yakho esasaziweyo zakhiwe phezu kozinzo, kumhlaba oqinisekisiweyo, okukuvumela ukuba usebenzise izibonelelo zendlela yeenkonzo ezincinci ngaphandle kokuwela kwimigibe eyachongwa ngobulumko nguMthetho wokuQala.

Isiphelo: Umthetho wamaXesha Adala

Umthetho wokuQala wezinto ezisasazwayo usasebenza nanamhlanje njengoko wawunjalo ngo-2014. Usebenza njengesikhumbuzo esingapheliyo ukuba ngelixa i-teknoloji ye-paradigms iguquka, imiqobo engundoqo ye-physics kunye nothungelwano ayenzi. Kuwo nawuphi na umbutho oqalisa uhambo lwemicroservices, ukuhlonipha lo mthetho linyathelo lokuqala lokwakha inkqubo engasasazwanga nje kuphela, kodwa eyomelela ngokwenene kwaye enokunyuka. Ikhuthaza ifilosofi yoyilo lwabom ngaphezu kokuthatha ngokulula. Ngokukhetha iqonga elinje ngeMewayz, awumkeli nje itekhnoloji; Ubethelela obu bulumko kwilaphu lemisebenzi yeshishini lakho, uqinisekisa ukuba uyilo lwakho lwakhiwe ukuze luhlale kwaye lusebenze kwihlabathi lokwenyani.