Ingxoxo no-Øyvind Kolås, umthuthukisi we-GIMP (2017)

Indlela Ukuqamba Okusha Okuvulelekile Kulungisa Kabusha Amathuluzi Okudala Amabhizinisi Esimanje

Ngenkathi u-Øyvind Kolås ehlala phansi ngo-2017 ukuze axoxe ngomsebenzi wakhe weminyaka eminingi enjinini yezithombe ye-GIMP, wayengagcini nje ngokukhuluma ngekhodi - wayeveza ifilosofi elungise kabusha buthule indlela amabhizinisi asebenzisa ngayo isofthiwe yokudala. Njengomakhi we-GEGL (Generic Graphics Library), u-Kolås uchithe ngaphezu kweshumi leminyaka akha isisekelo sokuhlela isithombe esingonakali kolunye lwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zomthombo ovulekile emhlabeni. Umsebenzi wakhe umele into enkulu kunephrojekthi eyodwa: umbono wokuthi amathuluzi anamandla, ebanga lochwepheshe awadingi ukuza namathegi entengo yebhizinisi, nokuthi ukusebenzisana okuvulekile kukhiqiza isofthiwe engcono kune-ecosystem evaliwe. Emabhizinisini azulazula ngezabelomali eziqinile kanye nezidingo zobuciko ezikhulayo, le filosofi ayikaze ihlobane kakhulu.

Unjiniyela Ongemuva Koshintsho Olukhulu Kakhulu lwe-GIMP

Øyvind Kolås, owaziwa emphakathini womthombo ovulekile ngesibambo sakhe esithi "pippin," ungunjiniyela wase-Norwegian ominikelo yakhe ku-GIMP ihlala ngaphezu kweminyaka eyishumi. Agxile kakhulu kuyo kube yi-GEGL - uhlaka lokucubungula izithombe olususelwa kugrafu olwashintsha ngokuyisisekelo indlela i-GIMP ephatha ngayo idatha ye-pixel. Ngaphambi kokuhlanganiswa kwe-GEGL, i-GIMP ibikhawulelwe ekujuleni kombala we-8-bit kanye nokugeleza komsebenzi wokuhlela okulimazayo. Umsebenzi ka-Kolås wethule ukucutshungulwa kokujula okuphezulu, ukusebenza kokukhanya komugqa, kanye nesisekelo sesakhiwo sokuhlela okungabhubhisi.

Okwenza indlela ka-Kolås yaphawuleka ukubekezela kwakhe nombono wesikhathi eside. Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-GEGL kwaqala ekuqaleni kwawo-2000, futhi ukuhlanganiswa okuphelele ku-GIMP kwathatha iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi nanhlanu. Ngo-2017, izithelo zalo msebenzi zase zibonakala ekwakhiweni kwangaphambilini kokukhishwa kwe-GIMP 2.10, ezogcina ithunyelwe ngokunemba kwephuzu elintantayo elingu-32-bit, ukubuka kuqala kwe-GEGL kukhanvasi, kanye nepayipi lokucubungula elenziwe libe lesimanjemanje. Lokhu bekungeyona i-sprint yokuqala ebabazekayo - bekuyinqubo, ubunjiniyela obuyisisekelo obubeka phambili ukuthola i-architecture ngaphezu kwezici zokuthutha ngokushesha.

Indaba yakhe inikeza isifundo esidlulela ngalé kokuthuthukiswa kwesoftware: ukuqamba okusha okuzinzile kudinga ukutshala engqalasizinda ngaphambi kwezici eziwubukhazikhazi. Amabhizinisi akhela phezu kwezisekelo eziqinile zokusebenza - kungaba ngekhodi noma ngomklamo wokuhamba komsebenzi - ahlala edlula lawo ajaha ukuwina kwesikhashana.

Kungani Ukugeleza Kokusebenza Okungabhubhisi Kubaluleke Ngalé Kwedizayini

Umqondo u-Kolås owine ku-GIMP — ukuhlela okungabhubhi — ulula ngendlela ekhohlisayo. Esikhundleni sokuguqula unomphela umthombo wakho wokusebenza ngokusebenza ngakunye, unqwabelanisa izinguquko njengezendlalelo ezingahle zilungiswe, zihlelwe kabusha, noma zisuswe noma nini. Idatha yoqobo ihlala injalo. Ekuhlelweni kwesithombe, lokhu kusho ukuthi ungasebenzisa ukulungiswa kombala, ukufiphala, nokunqampuna, bese ubuyela emuva ushintshe ukulungisa umbala ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa okunye ukulungiswa.

Lo mgomo unemithelela ejulile ngaphandle kwesofthiwe yokudala. Amabhizinisi esimanje aya ngokuya esebenza ezindaweni lapho izinqumo zidinga ukuhlehliswa, zifundeke, futhi ziphindaphindwe. Cabangela indlela ipayipi le-CRM elisebenza ngayo: awufuni ukuchofozwa okungalungile okukodwa ukuze kuguqule unomphela umlando wedili. Noma cabanga ngama-invoyisi — ikhono lokulungisa izinto zomugqa, ukubuyisela izinguquko, nokugcina umkhondo wokuhlola ocacile kubalulekile ukuze kuthotshelwe izimali. Ifilosofi engacekeli phansi u-Kolås ayishumeke ezakhiweni ze-GIMP ikhombisa lokho okuhlinzekwa yizinkundla zebhizinisi eziklanywe kahle kuzo zonke izendlalelo zokusebenza.

Amapulatifomu afana ne-Mewayz asebenzisa lokhu kucabanga okufanayo kuwo wonke amamojula awo ahlanganisiwe angu-207. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ulungisa izibalo zokukhokhelwa, ulungisa isiphakamiso seklayenti, noma uhlela kabusha umugqa wesikhathi wephrojekthi, isistimu igcina umlando woshintsho futhi ikuvumela ukuthi uphindaphinde ngaphandle kokwesaba ukulahlekelwa umsebenzi wangaphambili. Ilingana nebhizinisi lokuhlela okungalimazi — futhi kuyashintsha ngendlela efanayo.

Inzuzo Yomthombo Ovulekile Yamabhizinisi Akhulayo

Enye yezinto eziphoqayo kakhulu zomsebenzi ka-Kolås ku-GIMP yilokho ekumelelayo ngokwezomnotho. I-Adobe's Creative Cloud suite ibiza amabhizinisi phakathi kuka-$55 no-$90 ngomsebenzisi ngamunye ngenyanga. Eqenjini labaklami abayishumi, lokho kungu-$6,600 kuya ku-$10,800 ngonyaka - ngaphambi kokubala okubhaliselwe kwezithombe zesitoko, amalayisense e-plugin, noma izindleko zokuqeqesha. I-GIMP, enikwa amandla yinjini ye-GEGL ka-Kolås, inikezela ngamakhono e-professional-grade ngezindleko ezingabizi zelayisense.

Imodeli yomthombo ovulekile ikhule ngendlela emangalisayo kusukela ngo-2017. Amabhizinisi namuhla angakha zonke izitaki zokudala nezokusebenza esebenzisa amathuluzi e-SaaS anomthombo ovulekile futhi athengekayo ngaphandle kokudela ikhwalithi. Okucatshangelwayo okubalulekile lapho kuhlolwa amathuluzi omthombo ovulekile wokusetshenziswa kwebhizinisi kuhlanganisa:

• Izindleko eziphelele zobunikazi — Ukuthola ilayisense kwamahhala akusho ukuthunyelwa kwamahhala; isici sokuqeqeshwa, ukwenza ngokwezifiso, kanye nokwesekwa
• Impilo yomphakathi — Imiphakathi yabanikeli abakhuthele (i-GIMP ibe nabanikeli abangaphezu kuka-700) ibonisa ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside
• Amandla okuhlanganisa — Amathuluzi axhuma nokugeleza komsebenzi kwakho okukhona ngama-API kanye namafomethi wefayela ajwayelekile anciphisa ukungqubuzana
• Ukuqina — Qinisekisa ukuthi ithuluzi lingakwazi ukusingatha imisebenzi ekhulayo ngaphandle kokudinga ukushintshwa kwenkundla
• Ukuphepha nokuhambisana — Ikhodi yomthombo ovulekile ingacwaningwa, okubaluleke nakakhulu kumabhizinisi aphatha idatha ebucayi

Amabhizinisi ahlakaniphe kakhulu awakhethi phakathi kwamathuluzi omthombo ovulekile nawokuthengisa. Bakha izitaki ezixubile - besebenzisa i-GIMP yokucubungula isithombe seqoqo, i-Mewayz yokuphatha ukusebenza, kanye namathuluzi eprimiyamu ahlosiwe kuphela lapho ezinye izindlela zomthombo ovulekile zisilela khona ngempela. Le ndlela inganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwesofthiwe ngo-40-60% kuyilapho igcina noma ithuthukisa amandla.

Ukwakha Ipayipi Lokusungula-kuya-Kusebenza

Umsebenzi ka-Kolås ugqamise igebe amabhizinisi amaningi asazabalaza nalo: ukunqanyulwa phakathi kokukhiqizwa kokusungula nokusebenza kwebhizinisi. Umklami udala izimpahla ku-GIMP noma ku-Photoshop, azithumele kwamanye amazwe, azilayishe kudrayivu eyabiwayo, azise ithimba lezentengiso ngo-Slack, obese ezinamathisela emikhankasweni, kokuthunyelwe komphakathi, noma uhlu lwemikhiqizo. Ukunikezwa ngakunye kwethula ukubambezeleka, ukudideka kwenguqulo, kanye nobungozi bokusebenzisa izimpahla eziphelelwe yisikhathi.

Izinkampani ezicabanga phambili zisusa lezi zikhala ngokuxhumanisa ubuciko bazo bokugeleza komsebenzi ngokuqondile nezinkundla zabo zokusebenza. Lapho okuphumayo komklamo wakho kungena ngqo ku-CRM yakho, amakhasi akho okubhukha, amaphrofayela akho esixhumanisi ku-bio, kanye nezifanekiso zakho zama-invoyisi, ususa sonke isigaba sokungqubuzana kokusebenza. Abasebenzisi be-Mewayz, isibonelo, bangabuyekeza amafa omkhiqizo kanye futhi lezo zinguquko zenzeke kuwo wonke amamojula abhekene neklayenti - kusukela ezifanekisweni ezihlongozwayo kuye kwangaphambili kwesitolo sedijithali - ngaphandle kokulayisha kabusha mathupha kuwo wonke amathuluzi anqanyuliwe.

Isofthiwe ebiza kakhulu kunoma yiliphi ibhizinisi akuyona leyo enemali yelayisensi ephezulu kakhulu — yiyona edala umsebenzi wezandla phakathi kwamasistimu. Izindleko zokuhlanganisa, ezilinganiswa ngamahora omuntu, cishe njalo zidlula izindleko zokubhaliselwe.

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Lokhu kuqonda yingakho ithrendi ebheke ezinkundleni zokuxhumana ikhule ngesivinini. Amabhizinisi ngaphambilini abephethe amathuluzi ahlukene ayisishiyagalombili kuya kwayishumi nambili - ngalinye lihamba phambili ngokuhlukaniswa - athola ukuthi ukuxhumanisa phakathi kwalawo mathuluzi kubiza ngaphezu kwamathuluzi ngokwawo. Inkundla ye-modular ephethe i-CRM, ama-invoyisi, i-HR, ukuphathwa kwephrojekthi, nokusatshalaliswa kwempahla okuklanyiwe ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa kuqeda amakhulu amahora omsebenzi omatasa waminyaka yonke.

Izifundo Zeminyaka Eyishumi Nanhlanu Yobunjiniyela Besiguli

Mhlawumbe isici esingabongwa kakhulu endabeni ka-Kolås umugqa wesikhathi. Esikweni lobuchwepheshe eligxile ekuphindaphindweni okusheshayo kanye nemikhiqizo encane esebenzayo, uchithe iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi nanhlanu akha i-GEGL ibe injini yezithombe elungele ukukhiqizwa. Ithimba le-GIMP alizange lijahe ukuhlanganiswa kwe-GEGL emakethe ngezici ezibhakwe uhhafu - lilinde kuze kube yilapho izakhiwo zikwazi ukusekela umbono ogcwele wokujula okuphezulu, okungonakali, ukucutshungulwa kwesithombe okusheshiswe yi-GPU.

Lokhu ukubekezela kube nezinzuzo. Lapho i-GIMP 2.10 ekugcineni ithunyelwa ngo-Ephreli 2018, kwakungesona isibuyekezo esikhuphukayo - bekungukugxuma kokukhiqiza. Isofthiwe isuke ekukhishweni ngokuthi "i-Photoshop yabantu abangakwazi ukukhokhela i-Photoshop" yaze yaqashelwa njengenye indlela enekhono ngempela enezinzuzo zezakhiwo ekugelezeni komsebenzi othile, ikakhulukazi ukucubungula inqwaba kanye nokukhohlisa kwesithombe esibhalwe phansi nge-Script-Fu ne-Python-Fu.

Amabhizinisi angakhipha isifundo esinamandla lapha: i-foundation investment compound. Ukuchitha isikhathi kusetha amasistimu afanele - kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lokho kuwukumisa inkundla yebhizinisi ebanzi, ukubhala izinqubo ezijwayelekile zokusebenza, noma ukwakha ukugeleza komsebenzi okuzenzakalelayo - kuzwakala kuhamba kancane ekuqaleni kodwa kudala imbuyiselo eningilizayo phakathi nezinyanga neminyaka. Izinkampani ezitshala imali iviki lonke zisetha amamojula axhumene e-Mewayz zibika kahle ukuthi zonga amahora angu-15-20 ngesonto phakathi nekota yokuqala, uma kuqhathaniswa nalezo ezithatha amathuluzi ngokushesha ngaphandle kokucushwa okufanele.

Ikusasa Lamathuluzi Ochwepheshe Afinyelelekayo

Kusukela ngenhlolokhono ka-Kolås yango-2017, umkhondo awuchazile uvele washesha kuphela. I-GIMP iyaqhubeka nokuguqukela ekuhleleni okugcwele okungalimazi. Izici ezinikwe amandla yi-AI zihlanganiswa kumathuluzi okudala omthombo ovulekile. Futhi imakethe ebanzi yamukele umqondo wokuthi amakhono ezinga lochwepheshe kufanele afinyeleleke kumabhizinisi abo bonke osayizi - hhayi nje lawo anesabelomali sebhizinisi.

Lokhu kubusa ngentando yeningi kunabela kuwo wonke umkhakha wesofthiwe yebhizinisi. Lapho ukuqalisa ngo-2012 kwakungase kudingeke u-$2,000 ngenyanga ekubhaliseni kwesofthiwe ukuze kuqhutshwe imisebenzi eyisisekelo, ukusetha okuqhathanisekayo namuhla kungabiza ngaphansi kwe-$100 kusetshenziswa inhlanganisela yamathuluzi omthombo ovulekile kanye nezinkundla ezithengekayo zonke-ndawonye. Amabhizinisi angu-138,000+ asevele asebenzisa izinkundla ezifana ne-Mewayz abonisa ukuthi izinkampani ezincane nezimaphakathi azisakwamukeli ukukhetha okungamanga phakathi kwamandla nokukwazi ukuzikhokhela.

Ukuhlangana kwamathuluzi okudala omthombo ovulekile, i-AI automation, kanye nezinkundla zebhizinisi eziyimojuli kudala indawo lapho ithimba labantu abahlanu lingasebenza khona ngokusebenza kahle nangokupholisha kwenhlangano yabantu abangamashumi amahlanu. U-Kolås nonjiniyela abafana naye babeka isisekelo ngokufakazela ukuthi isofthiwe esezingeni lomhlaba ingakhiwa ngokubambisana, isatshalaliswe ngokukhululeka, futhi ithuthukiswe ngokuqhubekayo imiphakathi kunezinkampani.

Izinyathelo Ezisebenzayo Zokwenza Isiteki Sethuluzi Lebhizinisi Lakho libe simanjemanje

Igqugquzelwe izimiso ezisekela indlela ka-Kolås yokwakha i-GEGL, nalu uhlaka lokuhlola nokwenza kube simanje isitaki sakho samathuluzi ebhizinisi:

1. Hlola amathuluzi akho amanje nezindleko zawo zangempela. Faka kuhlu konke okubhaliselwe kwesofthiwe, bese wengeza amahora alinganiselwe achithwe ekudlulisweni kwedatha mathupha phakathi kwakho. Intela yokuhlanganisa ivamise ukuphindaphindeka okungu-2-3 kwezindleko zokubhalisa.
2. Thola umgogodla wakho wokusebenza. Khetha inkundla eyodwa ozosebenza njengehabhu yakho emaphakathi — ngokufanelekile leyo ehlanganisa i-CRM, ukuphathwa kwephrojekthi, ama-invoyisi, nokuxhumana kweqembu ngokomdabu kunokuhlanganiswa.
3. Isendlalelo kumathuluzi akhethekile kuphela lapho kudingeka khona. Sebenzisa i-GIMP noma amathuluzi afanayo omthombo ovulekile emsebenzini wokudala, kodwa qinisekisa ukuthi axhumeka kumgogodla wakho wokusebenza ngesitoreji esabiwe noma ukuhlanganiswa okuqondile.
4. Tshala imali ekusetheni, hhayi izinqamuleli. Chitha isikhathi ukuze ulungiselele kahle ukugeleza komsebenzi, ama-automation, nezifanekiso kusengaphambili. Njengokwakha i-Kolås i-architecture ye-GEGL ngaphambi kokwengeza izici, ukusetha kwakho okuyisisekelo kunquma ukusebenza kahle kwesikhathi eside.
5. Buyekeza futhi uphindaphinde njalo ngekota. Amathuluzi ayaguquka, amaqembu ayakhula, nokugeleza komsebenzi kuyashintsha. Hlela ukubuyekezwa okujwayelekile ukuze kuqedwe amathuluzi angasanele futhi usebenzise ezinye izindlela ezingcono njengoba zivela.

Isikhathi sokuhlanganisa amathuluzi amaningi anqanyuliwe siyaphela. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlela izithombe nge-GIMP, uphatha amaklayenti nge-CRM, noma wenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ama-invoyisi akho, isu eliwinayo liyafana nalelo u-Øyvind Kolås alibonise eminyakeni eminingi yobunjiniyela obuqinile: yakhela ezisekelweni eziqinile, xhuma amasistimu akho ngobuhlakani, futhi uvumele ukuhlanganisa ukusebenza kahle kuthuthukise kakhulu ibhizinisi lakho.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Iyini i-GEGL futhi kungani ibalulekile?

I-GEGL (Generic Graphics Library) iyinjini yokucubungula izithombe enika amandla i-GIMP yesimanje. Ithuthukiswe ngu-Øyvind Kolås, yethule ukuhlelwa kwesithombe okungangonakali, nokujula okuphezulu. Lokhu kuvumela ukulungiswa okuyinkimbinkimbi ngaphandle kokushintsha unomphela idatha yesithombe sangempela, isici esiphrofeshinali esake satholakala kumasofthiwe abizayo kuphela. Izinkundla zesimanje ezifana ne-Mewayz, ehlinzeka ngamamojula angu-207 ngo-$19/mo, futhi ithuthukisa ukucubungula okunamandla okunjalo, okungabhubhisi ukunikeza amabhizinisi amakhono obuciko ochwepheshe ngendlela efinyelelekayo.

Ingabe isofthiwe yomthombo ovulekile njenge-GIMP iwazuzisa kanjani amabhizinisi?

Isofthiwe yomthombo ovulekile inikeza enye indlela engabizi kakhulu, evumelana nezimo, futhi ebonisa ngale kumathuluzi obunikazi. Njengoba kugqanyisiwe kungxoxo, ifilosofi esekelwe ekuthuthukisweni kwe-GIMP inika amabhizinisi amandla ngokuwanikeza ukulawula phezu kwamathuluzi awo okudala. Lokhu kunciphisa izindleko zamalayisense futhi kugwema ukukhiya umthengisi. Izinkampani zingakha phezu kwalezi zisekelo ezizinzile, ngendlela efanayo nendlela i-Mewayz ehlinzeka ngayo ngamamojula ahlanganisiwe angu-207 ngokubhaliselwe okuphansi okungu-$19/mo, okwenza amathuluzi athuthukile afinyeleleke.

Kuyini ukuhlela okungalimazi?

Ukuhlela okungabhubhisi wukugeleza komsebenzi lapho ukulungiswa (njengezihlungi noma ukulungiswa kombala) kusetshenziswa njengezendlalelo noma imiyalelo kunokuba kushintshwe ngokuqondile amaphikseli asekuqaleni. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ulungise kabusha noma ususe imithelela nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngaphandle kokulahleka kwekhwalithi. Umsebenzi ka-Kolås ku-GEGL ulethe leli zinga lochwepheshe ku-GIMP. Kuwumgomo oyinhloko kumasuite esimanje okudala, okuhlanganisa nezinsizakalo ezifana ne-Mewayz, ezisiza amabhizinisi agcine ukukhiqizwa kwempahla okuvumelana nezimo, okuphezulu.

Ingabe amathuluzi omthombo ovulekile angaqhudelana ngempela nesofthiwe yezohwebo?

Yebo, njengoba kufakazelwa ukusetshenziswa nokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwe-GIMP. Inhlolokhono ibonisa ukuthi amaphrojekthi omthombo ovulekile angathola imiphumela yezinga lochwepheshe ngomzamo wokuzinikela womphakathi. Bavame ukushayela ukuqamba okusha okutholwa yimikhiqizo yokuhweba kamuva. Emabhizinisini afuna indlela elinganiselayo, izinsiza ezisuselwe ekubhaliseni njenge-Mewayz (amamojula angu-207 ngo-$19/mo) abonisa ukuthi amathuluzi ochwepheshe angenziwa kanjani abe namandla futhi afinyeleleke, axube izimiso zomthombo ovulekile nentuthuko eqhubekayo.