I-Microservices kanye Nomthetho Wokuqala Wezinto Ezisatshalaliswa (2014)

Isipoki Emshinini Wesimanje: Ukuvakashela Kabusha Umgomo Oyisisekelo

Kudrayivu engapheli ebheke ebugwegweni bedijithali, ama-microservices asephenduke iphethini yezakhiwo ezikhethwayo zokwakha izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingaka, eziqinile. Ngokubola uhlelo lwe-monolithic lube yiqoqo lezinsizakalo ezincane, ezizimele, amaqembu okuthuthukisa angakwazi ukusungula izinto ezintsha ngokushesha futhi asebenzise ngokuzethemba okukhulu. Nokho, la mandla asabalalisiwe eza nobunkimbinkimbi bemvelo. Eminyakeni eminingi ngaphambi kokuba ama-microservices abe yonke indawo, kwavezwa isimiso sesayensi esithinta inhliziyo yale nselele. Ngo-2014, u-Martin Fowler no-James Lewis, emsebenzini wabo we-seminal on microservices, bethula "Umthetho Wokuqala Wezinto Ezisabalalisiwe." Lo mthetho usho iqiniso elilula nelinonya: Ungasabalalisi izinto zakho. Nakuba ubonakala uphikisana nendlela ye-microservices, lo mthetho awukona ukugxeka kodwa uyisixwayiso esibalulekile—inkanyezi eqondisayo yokuhamba emanzini anobuqili omklamo wezinhlelo ezisabalalisiwe.

Uyini Umthetho Wokuqala Wezinto Ezisatshalaliswa?

Ukuze siqonde lo mthetho, kufanele siqale sihlehlele emuva kuma-microservices futhi sicabangele owandulelayo: i-paradigm yento esabalalisiwe. Ubuchwepheshe obufana ne-CORBA, i-Java RMI, ne-DCOM buthembise umhlaba lapho izinto zingaxhumana ngaphandle komthungo kuyo yonke imingcele yenethiwekhi njengokungathi ngezasendaweni. Umbono wawuheha—imodeli yokuhlela ehlanganisiwe esusa ubunkimbinkimbi benethiwekhi. Iqiniso, nokho, kwakuyiphupho elibi lokuhlangana okuqinile, ukuxhumana okuqinile, nokwehluleka okufihliwe. "Umthetho Wokuqala" wavela njengesifundo esizuzwe kanzima kusukela kule nkathi. Igomela ngokuthi inethiwekhi ayikho sobala; ayithembekile, ayisheshi, futhi ihluke ngokuyisisekelo kwinkumbulo yendawo. Ukuzama ukuzenza okuhlukile ngokwenza amakholi akude kubukeke njengokucela indlela yendawo kuyindlela yenhlekelele. Idala isistimu lapho ukwehluleka okuncane, okukude kungase kwenzeke ngokungalindelekile, nalapho ukusebenza kungaziwa khona.

"Umthetho wokuqala wezinto ezisabalalisiwe: Ungasabalalisi izinto zakho. Kuyabiza, kuyinkimbinkimbi, futhi kuwumthombo wezimbungulu eziningi. Inethiwekhi ayibonakali."

Kusuka Esexwayiso Kuya Ekuhlakanipheni: Ukusebenzisa Umthetho Ezinsizeni Ezincane

Uma uMthetho Wokuqala uxwayisa ngokusatshalaliswa, ungasebenza kanjani kuma-microservices, asatshalaliswa ngokwemvelo? Isihluthulelo sisekuchazeni. Umthetho awusho ukuthi "ungalinge wakhe amasistimu asabalalisiwe." Ithi, "ungazenzisi ngakho." Ama-Microservices, lapho enziwe ngendlela efanele, amukela iqiniso lenethiwekhi kunokuzama ukulifihla. Bamukela imiphumela yokusabalalisa kanye nokuklama kwabo ngokusobala. Lokhu kusho ukuthi:

• Ukudizayina Ukwehluleka: Ngokucabanga ukuthi amasevisi azohluleka futhi akhe amaphethini okuqina afana nokuzama kabusha, ama-circuit breaker, nokucekelwa phansi okuhle.
• Ukwamukela Ukuxhumana Okungavumelani: Ukusebenzisa ulayini wemilayezo namaphethini ashayelwa izenzakalo ukugwema ukuhlangana okuqinile, okuhambisanayo okuhlasele izinto ezisabalalisiwe.
• Ukuchaza Imingcele Ecacile: Ukudala izinsiza ezimayelana namandla ebhizinisi, ngama-API achazwe kahle, kunokukhathazeka ngobuchwepheshe, okuholela ekuhlanzekeni, kuzinze kakhudlwana.
• Ukubeka Kubaluleke Kakhulu Ubunikazi Bedatha: Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isevisi ngayinye ingumnikazi oyedwa wedatha yayo, ukugwema iphethini emelene nesizindalwazi esabiwe esidala kabusha ukuhlangana kwe-monolithic kusendlalelo sedatha.

Ngalokhu kukhanya, uMthetho Wokuqala uwumgomo oyisisekelo wokuphumelela kwe-microservice architecture. Iphoqa amaqembu ukuthi acabange ngokucophelela ngemingcele yesevisi kanye namaphethini okuxhumana kusukela ekuqaleni.

Mewayz: Ukwakha Endaweni Ezinzile

Kumabhizinisi esimanje, izinselelo zethiyori zamasistimu asabalalisiwe ziba wusizo ngokushesha okukhulu. Yilapho inkundla efana ne-Mewayz ihlinzeka khona ngenzuzo ebalulekile. Ukwakha nokugcina ukwakhiwa kwama-microservices aqinile kusukela ekuqaleni kudinga ubuchwepheshe obukhulu kanye nomzamo oqhubekayo. I-Mewayz isebenza njenge-modular ye-OS yebhizinisi efaka ngaphakathi izifundo ezinzima zoMthetho Wokuqala Wezinto Ezisatshalaliswa. Ihlinzeka ngengqalasizinda eyisisekelo—ukutholwa kwesevisi, amasango e-API, ibhasi lomcimbi, nezendlalelo zokuphikelela kwedatha—eziklanywe kusukela phansi kuya phezulu ukuze kusingathwe ubunzima bokusabalalisa. Esikhundleni sokuthi iqembu lakho lilwe nobunkimbinkimbi bokuthembeka kwenethiwekhi nokubambezeleka, lingagxila ekuthuthukiseni umqondo webhizinisi oletha inani. I-Mewayz iqinisekisa ukuthi isisekelo sesistimu yakho esabalalisiwe yakhelwe endaweni ezinzile, efakazelwe, ekuvumela ukuthi usebenzise izinzuzo zendlela yezinsiza ezincane ngaphandle kokuwela ogibeni oluhlonzwe uMthetho Wokuqala ngokuhlakanipha.

Isiphetho: Umthetho Weminyaka

Umthetho Wokuqala Wezinto Ezisabalalisiwe usasebenza nanamuhla njengoba wawunjalo ngo-2014. Usebenza njengesikhumbuzo esingaphelelwa isikhathi sokuthi nakuba ama-paradigms obuchwepheshe aguquguquka, izithiyo ezibalulekile zefiziksi namanethiwekhi aziguquki. Kunoma iyiphi inhlangano ethatha uhambo lwe-microservices, ukuhlonipha lo mthetho kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokwakha uhlelo olungagcini nje ukusatshalaliswa, kodwa oluqinile ngempela futhi olungaka. Ikhuthaza ifilosofi yokuklama ngamabomu ngaphezu kokukhipha okulula. Ngokukhetha inkundla efana ne-Mewayz, awugcini nje ngokuthatha ubuchwepheshe; ushumeka lokhu kuhlakanipha kuyo kanye indwangu yebhizinisi lakho, uqinisekisa ukuthi izakhiwo zakho zakhelwe ukuhlala futhi zisebenze emhlabeni wangempela.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Isipoki Emshinini Wesimanje: Ukuvakashela Kabusha Umgomo Oyisisekelo

Kudrayivu engapheli ebheke ebugwegweni bedijithali, ama-microservices asephenduke iphethini yezakhiwo ezikhethwayo zokwakha izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingaka, eziqinile. Ngokubola uhlelo lwe-monolithic lube yiqoqo lezinsizakalo ezincane, ezizimele, amaqembu okuthuthukisa angakwazi ukusungula izinto ezintsha ngokushesha futhi asebenzise ngokuzethemba okukhulu. Nokho, la mandla asabalalisiwe eza nobunkimbinkimbi bemvelo. Eminyakeni eminingi ngaphambi kokuba ama-microservices abe yonke indawo, kwavezwa isimiso sesayensi esithinta inhliziyo yale nselele. Ngo-2014, u-Martin Fowler no-James Lewis, emsebenzini wabo we-seminal on microservices, bethula "Umthetho Wokuqala Wezinto Ezisabalalisiwe." Lo mthetho usho iqiniso elilula nelinonya: Ungasabalalisi izinto zakho. Nakuba ubonakala uphikisana nendlela ye-microservices, lo mthetho awukona ukugxeka kodwa uyisixwayiso esibalulekile—inkanyezi eqondisayo yokuhamba emanzini anobuqili edizayini yezinhlelo ezisabalalisiwe.

Uyini Umthetho Wokuqala Wezinto Ezisatshalaliswa?

Ukuze siqonde lo mthetho, kufanele siqale sihlehlele emuva kuma-microservices futhi sicabangele owandulelayo: i-paradigm yento esabalalisiwe. Ubuchwepheshe obufana ne-CORBA, i-Java RMI, ne-DCOM buthembise umhlaba lapho izinto zingaxhumana ngaphandle komthungo kuyo yonke imingcele yenethiwekhi njengokungathi ngezasendaweni. Umbono wawuheha—imodeli yokuhlela ehlanganisiwe esusa ubunkimbinkimbi benethiwekhi. Iqiniso, nokho, kwakuyiphupho elibi lokuhlangana okuqinile, ukuxhumana okuqinile, nokwehluleka okufihliwe. "Umthetho Wokuqala" wavela njengesifundo esizuzwe kanzima kusukela kule nkathi. Igomela ngokuthi inethiwekhi ayikho sobala; ayithembekile, ayisheshi, futhi ihluke ngokuyisisekelo kwinkumbulo yendawo. Ukuzama ukuzenza okuhlukile ngokwenza amakholi akude kubukeke njengokucela indlela yendawo kuyindlela yenhlekelele. Idala isistimu lapho ukwehluleka okuncane, okukude kungase kwenzeke ngokungalindelekile, nalapho ukusebenza kungaziwa khona.

Kusuka Esexwayiso Kuya Ekuhlakanipheni: Ukusebenzisa Umthetho Ezinsizeni Ezincane

Uma uMthetho Wokuqala uxwayisa ngokusatshalaliswa, ungasebenza kanjani kuma-microservices, asatshalaliswa ngokwemvelo? Isihluthulelo sisekuchazeni. Umthetho awusho ukuthi "ungalinge wakhe amasistimu asabalalisiwe." Ithi, "ungazenzisi ngakho." Ama-Microservices, lapho enziwe ngendlela efanele, amukela iqiniso lenethiwekhi kunokuzama ukulifihla. Bamukela imiphumela yokusabalalisa kanye nokuklama kwabo ngokusobala. Lokhu kusho ukuthi:

Mewayz: Ukwakha Endaweni Ezinzile

Kumabhizinisi esimanje, izinselelo zethiyori zamasistimu asabalalisiwe ziba wusizo ngokushesha okukhulu. Yilapho inkundla efana ne-Mewayz ihlinzeka khona ngenzuzo ebalulekile. Ukwakha nokugcina ukwakhiwa kwama-microservices aqinile kusukela ekuqaleni kudinga ubuchwepheshe obukhulu kanye nomzamo oqhubekayo. I-Mewayz isebenza njenge-modular ye-OS yebhizinisi efaka ngaphakathi izifundo ezinzima zoMthetho Wokuqala Wezinto Ezisatshalaliswa. Ihlinzeka ngengqalasizinda eyisisekelo—ukutholwa kwesevisi, amasango e-API, ibhasi lomcimbi, nezendlalelo zokuphikelela kwedatha—eziklanywe kusukela phansi kuya phezulu ukuze kusingathwe ubunzima bokusabalalisa. Esikhundleni sokuthi iqembu lakho lilwe nobunkimbinkimbi bokuthembeka kwenethiwekhi nokubambezeleka, lingagxila ekuthuthukiseni umqondo webhizinisi oletha inani. I-Mewayz iqinisekisa ukuthi isisekelo sesistimu yakho esabalalisiwe yakhelwe endaweni ezinzile, efakazelwe, ekuvumela ukuthi usebenzise izinzuzo zendlela yezinsiza ezincane ngaphandle kokuwela ogibeni oluhlonzwe uMthetho Wokuqala ngokuhlakanipha.

Isiphetho: Umthetho Weminyaka

Umthetho Wokuqala Wezinto Ezisabalalisiwe usasebenza nanamuhla njengoba wawunjalo ngo-2014. Usebenza njengesikhumbuzo esingaphelelwa isikhathi sokuthi nakuba ama-paradigms obuchwepheshe aguquguquka, izithiyo ezibalulekile zefiziksi namanethiwekhi aziguquki. Kunoma iyiphi inhlangano ethatha uhambo lwe-microservices, ukuhlonipha lo mthetho kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokwakha uhlelo olungagcini nje ukusatshalaliswa, kodwa oluqinile ngempela futhi olungaka. Ikhuthaza ifilosofi yokuklama ngamabomu ngaphezu kokukhipha okulula. Ngokukhetha inkundla efana ne-Mewayz, awugcini nje ngokuthatha ubuchwepheshe; ushumeka lokhu kuhlakanipha kuyo kanye indwangu yebhizinisi lakho, uqinisekisa ukuthi izakhiwo zakho zakhelwe ukuhlala futhi zisebenze emhlabeni wangempela.